144 
HUPHIMA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
scyllara. 
ncibis. 
lanassa. 
pended. 
ncirses. 
f peri male , 
) 
amarella. 
acrisa. 
terranea. 
perithea. 
agnata. 
macdonaldi. 
discolor. 
quadricolor. 
mciQulata. 
affinis. 
bois- 
duvaliana. 
cirtn. 
semperi. 
balbagona. 
lea. 
belongs perhaps to latilimbata Btlr. •—- scyllara McLeay (65 d) is a subspecies so rich in forms that it has received 
a whole series of names. The figure shows the extreme rainy-season-form (scyllara), with white under surface 
to the hindwing. A second form, without a name, has this pale lemon-yellow, nabis Luc. denotes one with 
narcissus-yellow, and lanassa Btlr. one with saffron-yellow ground-colour, periclea Fldr. is an intermediate form 
with light brown apical tinge on the forewing and basal area of the same colour on the hindwing, under surface 
with very broad black submarginal bands. Finally, narses Wall. (65 d) is the extreme dry-season-form, with 
grey, sand-coloured under surface, on which the black submarginal bands are narrowed. Australia, especially 
in the north. — ^/perimale Don. is a relatively small subspecies with very narrow distal border to both 
wings, which on the forewing bears a row of 6 white subapical patches. The first described is the extreme dry- 
season-form, similar to narses, but beneath darker earth-brown with very broad black transverse bands, travers¬ 
ing the entire forewing. $ broadly margined with black, with 5 white submarginal spots on each wing. Wallace 
has described a transitional form as amarella and that of the wet season has a light yellow ground-colour on 
the hindwing beneath. New Caledonia. — acrisa Bdv., erected on the rainy-season-form, has a white under sur¬ 
face to the hindwing. A second form has the hindwing and the apex of the forewing sulphur-yellow. An inter¬ 
mediate form has a light brown hindwing, and the extreme dry-season-form, with earth-brown under surface 
recalling perimale, has been named terranea Btlr. The $ of the rainy-season-form is yellow also above, with 
very broad distal margin to the hindwing, especially towards the costa, which only contains traces of whitish 
dusting. Island of Lifu, east of New Caledonia. — perithea Fldr. (= inopinata Btlr.) has been described from 
the $ of the rainy-season-form, with light yellow ground-colour on the hindwing, which is basally suffused with 
darker yellow. Unknown to me in nature; Fiji Islands. — agnata Gr.-Sm. again approaches the Papuan type 
in the character of the markings, in many respects resembling mithra, from which it differs principally in 
having the black distal margin on the underside of the hindwing only half as broad anally; Rubiana and Guadal¬ 
canal Solomon Islands. — macdonaldi Bibbe, described as Tachyris, has beneath a more extended distal margin, 
which is ornamented with small, indistinct yellowish spots. Bougainville (Solomons). — discolor Godm. & Salv. 
(63 c) is above in the $ light yellow; in the black distal border, which extends to the cell, are placed in both 
sexes 3—6 white oblong spots. Unknown to me in nature; figured from the tj^pes in the British Museum. Ugi 
and Ulana (Solomons).*) 
H. quadricolor Godm. & Salv. (65 f) possibly represents perimale in the Bismarck Archipelago. $ above 
essentially darker than the $. The butterflies were found flying over the damp sea-shore, occasionally settling 
on a yellow composite; the $$ rare, about as 4: 100 to the <$<$. New Pomerania, New Mecklenburg, New 
Lauenburg and Nusa-Laut. There occur, but very rarely, also specimens without the row of yellow submarginal 
spots on the underside. 
H. maculata Sm. is a peculiar, isolated species, which from its pointed forewing might be a Ta:hyris> 
were it not that the hair-pencil of the abdomen is wanting. Upper surface pure white, with narrow black sub, 
apical band on the forewing and 4—5 small black intermedial streaks on the hindwing. Evidently very rare- 
since it was not found by Ribbe and Dahl. $ still unknown. New Pomerania. 
H. affinis Vollenh. (58 b) appears to replace on Celebes the pitys of the small Sunda Islands. The butter¬ 
flies fly slowly and heavily at the edges of the woods. There are two seasonal forms, a small dry-season-form 
which is dull grey above and a larger rainy-season-form with pure white bands. The $ is very rare, larger, 
with rounder wings, and with a grey-scaled median area on both wings. Beneath the forewing is white except 
for the sharply defined black distal border, the hindwing dull yellow. North and South Celebes. De Niceville 
has based on affinis the untenable genus ,,Aoa li (sic). 
H. boisduvaliana Fldr. (65 f') represents pitys on the Philippines. The typical form has been described 
from Luzon. — As cirta subsp. non. I designate the island race from Bohol, which has a much narrower black 
distal border.— semperi Stgr. (65 f) on the other hand is a form from Mindanao with very broad border; — 
balbagona Semp. is a much darkened island race with smaller whitish discal spots on both wings. Camiguin de 
Mindanao. The under surface of all the races is white on the forewing, on the hindwing light yellow to orange- 
yellow, the black distal bands on both wings slightly scaled with violet or yellowish. The species is nowhere 
rare and flies all the year round with the exception perhaps of January to March. 
With H. lea begins a well defined group of beautifully coloured species, which without exception are 
characterised by a white forewing and in contrast to it, a yellow or orange-coloured hindwing. All the species 
inhabit the edges of forests or open woods and fly restlessly, in the rainy season fluttering slowly from flower to 
flower and being then extremely easy to catch, but in the dry season or on very hot days shooting along wildly, 
so that it is only with great difficulty that even one of them can be captured. In spite of the commonness 
of the species nothing is known with regard to the early stages. — lea Dbl. (64 e). Under surface of the fore¬ 
wing white with black-margined cell, moderately broad black apical dusting, which includes three white 
*) It is not impossible that one or other of the 36 perimale -forms here recorded may be really a separate 
species; but this can only be proved by breeding from the larva or by an examination of the organs of copulation, 
for which at present there has been no opportunity. 
