Publ. 11. II. 1910. 
HUPHINA. By H Fruh'storfer. 
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discocellular stripes and is ornamented with 2 — 3 yellow patches. Hindwing entirely light yellow, anal margin 
orange-coloured, the distal band, which in the $ is somewhat broader, moderately wide, brown-black adorned 
with some yellow spots. — malaya Fruhst. is above somewhat more broadly margined with black, hindwing with malaya. 
the anal half entirely dark orange-yellow. Forewing of the $ predominantly black with oblong white areas, hind¬ 
wing in the cell a beautiful light yellow, anally brown-red. Under surface much more extended orange-colour 
than in the allied races. Malay Peninsula. — siamensis Btlr. is a much lighter race, upperside of the hindwing siamensis. 
in the extended yellow and only posteriorly light orange-colour. The greater part of the forewing of the $ 
white, hindwing lighter yellow and more yellow-brown than lea and malaya. Siam, common from December 
to April, often associates with the crowds of Hupliina dapha and Appia.s libythea at wet places on the ground. — 
amalia Voll. inhabits Sumatra. Veins of the forewing more broadly black than in lea, the brown-red colouring amalia 
of the hindwing in the $$ more restricted. The black reticulation on the under surface more extended than 
in lea. ■ —- In montana Fruhst. (65 a) the reddish tinge of the hindwing has almost entirely disappeared and the montana. 
black transverse striping is essentially reduced. Kina Balu. — meridionafis Fruhst. is the race from South-East 
Borneo, in which the black distal border of the hindwing extends to the cell, the cell itself being suffused with 
light yellow. Under surface of the hindwing with large white spots beyond the cell, which are absent in montana. — 
hespera Btlr., from Sarawak and Labuan (Borneo); the with very broad brown tinge on the upperside of the hespera. 
hindwing and broad, confluent transverse stripes on the underside. — natuna Fruhst. (64 e) has very narrow natuna. 
black distal borders to both wings, the $ above with a finer black reticulate pattern than Borneo specimens. 
Yellow subapical spots on the forewing, a yellow anterior part to the hindwing, which in the posterior half is 
suffused with light chestnut-brown. Hindwing beneath almost without black distal margin, but there is a moder¬ 
ately broad submarginal band instead, distally bordered by large yellow subterminal patches. Natuna Islands. 
H. judith F. (65 a, b) replaces the preceding species on Java; it is common everywhere up to 2000 ft. judith. 
where there are open or dense woods, at the borders of which, as also in the coffee plantations, it is to be met 
with all the year round, sometimes in innumerable swarms. The species is continuously on the wing from 9 o’clock 
in the morning till about 5 in the evening and especially visits flowers. East and West Java, Bali. 
H. selma Weym. (65 b) is perhaps only a local race of the preceding; the $ is very rare. Nias. selma. 
In the midst of the area of distribution of judith and selma occurs on the island of Engano a distinct 
species, H. ethel Doh. (65 b), whose $ has curiously a much closer resemblance to zisca from the Philippines than ethel. 
to judith and selma, and beneath is noteworthy for the large yellow subapical spots on the forewing and a broad 
black submarginal band on the dark yellow ground of the hindwing. 
H. naomi Wall, is the predominant butterfly of the island of Lombok, where it occurs at elevations of naomi. 
from 2—4000 ft. The plateau of Sambalun especially, which at the end of April presents one expanse of flowers, 
is enlivened by this species. The 3$ rest at the sandy edges of the brooks, only rarely moving, whilst the $$ 
flutter from flower to flower. Two seasonal forms of the $$ may be differentiated: that of the rainy season simil¬ 
ar to the aga -$ figured, but still more broadly striped with black and beneath with reddish orange-coloured discal 
spots, and pseudamba form. nov. with predominantly grey-white upper surface narrowly margined with black pseudamba. 
and yellow and grey-yellow, even whitish under surface. — aga Fruhst. (64 e, f) is a local race from Sumbawa, aga. 
darker in the $, in the $ with more extended reddish yellow tinge on the hindwing above. — oberthueri Boh. oberthueri. 
is very nearly allied to it, but with larger yellowish patches on the black distal margin of the hindwing beneath 
in the $<$ and light lemon instead of reddish yellow hindwing in the only narrowly bordered with black. 
Flores. — eirene Doh. has likewise lemon-yellow under surface to the hindwing and in the arrangement of the eirene. 
black markings approximates much more to judith from Java than to naomi ; Sumba. 
H. aspasia is the name-type of a collective species distributed from the Philippines over the Moluccas to 
Waigeu. It is very susceptible to climatic influences and is consequently divided into a large number of local 
races. — olga Eschsch., from Manila on Luzon, is the most northerly branch. $ above similar to zisca, but 0 lga. 
smaller and with less prominent black transverse stripes on the forewing. — In North-West Luzon it has devel¬ 
oped a pronounced winter and local form, anaitis subsp. nov., with slight blackish dusting; the light yellow anaitis. 
on the hindwing above, with the forewing almost entirely white. The $$ of the summer rainy-season-form, terge- tergelia. 
lia form, nov., from Central Luzon, have somewhat more extended black dusting; the hindwing assumes a darker 
tone, the $ has on the upperside of the forewing broad black stripes and large yellow patches; the hindwing is 
darker yellow, densely scaled with black and margined with black almost to the cell. — According to Semper 
anaitis owes its existence to the very considerable variations of temperature in North-West Luzon, where the 
dry period is at the same time the coldest, whilst at Manila, where olga occurs, the temperature is subject to 
less change. Between these stands tergelia with rich colours, which on Mindoro and Negros increase still more; 
there, especially in the $, the yellow of the hindwing is deeper, the black dusting more extended: this is rhemia rhemia. 
subsp. nov., type from Mindoro. Seasonal forms also are developed on these islands, especially on Bohol, where 
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