APPIAS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
149 
with narrower black margins and in the $ also with reduced transverse bands. Dr. Martin saw the $$ frequently 
rest on the same flowers, such as Udaiana cynis. — purana subsp. nov. Larger than liippona, $ more broadly 
and strongly marked with black, beneath lighter yellow. $ darker with broader white streaks. Island of Engano. - 
A $-form, which occurs in all the island races from the Nicobars to Palawan and Formosa and which is 
distinguished by olive- or moss-green-scaled upper surface and light or dark yellow instead of pale green tinge 
on the upperside of the hindwing, I call galbana form. nov .— vasava subsp. nov. Likewise larger than hippona ; 
£ beneath darker green than Indian hippoides and hippona ; Malay Peninsula. — The larva of hippona lives on 
a small hush which grows on the banks of rivers, superficially resembles that of Catopsilia, but is of more 
slender shape. The pupa is however quite different, with stellate inpression on the thorax. The butterfly emerges 
after about seven days and on Sumatra shows very little tendecy to seasonal dimorphism. -— enarete Bdv. (58 e). 
$ more deeply and broadly marked than enaretina, beneath with black-brown distal margin extending to 
the cell and as in latifasciata with black-scaled subcostal. $ scarcely different from those of the Malay Peninsula 
and Sumatra; North and South Borneo. — enaretina Fruhst. (58 f). $ with pure white transverse bands on the 
forewing, sometimes with violet reflection. I have only specimens before me belonging to ab. galbana. Palawan, 
Balabac, and according to Semper on some other small islands of the Philippines. -— andrea Eschscli. (58 e). 
$ very similar to that of enaretina, but beneath with dark ochre-yellow tinge and uniform distal margin. The $ 
figured represents the form of the wet season, that of the dry season (= aternia form, nov.) has the cell of the 
forewing almost entirely white, without the black transverse band at its apex. Larva on a species of Gynrno- 
sporia; above green, beneath whitish, with black spiracles; on the dorsum four blackish dots. Thoracic legs 
rose-coloured. Pupa grey, dotted with black, with pointed head, dorsal plate broad, with 3 black spots at 
each side. In Manila the pupal stage lasted 8 days. Luzon, Mindoro (?). — Iepidana subsp. nov. $ even lighter 
than that of aternia, with very narrow black distal margin to both wings. Under surface of the hindwing varying 
from light yellow to deep yellow. Guimaras, Negros, Panay. -— formosana Wall. (58 e), one of the most 
variable local races, the of the dry season from the plains with almost white under surface to the hindwing, 
on which the yellow is only very faintly indicated, whilst in the mountain form examples occur with dark 
to ochre-yellow tinge. In the $ specimens with grey-white under surface predominate, whilst ab. galbana is 
very rare. From the plains up to elevations of 5000 ft. Formosa 1 ). — inornata Moore, of which only with 
dark ochre-yellow underside to the hindwing are known, flies on Hainan. — With the name-typical subspecies 
lyncida Cr., from Java, begins the series of those island races whose Gd have the hindwing pure white beneath 
also; only very rarely in West Java occur atavistic specimens with the hindwing suffused with light yellow. The 
butterfly is common everywhere in Java up to elevations of 3000 ft. As long ago as 1791 Stoll knew and described 
the dark green larva ornamented with yellow-green rings and black hairs, and also the light yellow, black-dotted 
pupa, which after 8 days assumes a red-brown colour, and from which the butterfly emerges after 8 days. Accord¬ 
ing to him it lives on the cotton tree. The $ has above .broad whitish yellow transverse stripes. An aber¬ 
ration with yellow areas above (f. lurida form, nov.) is rare; it also occurs in India. Java, Bali. — On the island 
of Bawean, very close to Java, the $ is already essentially darker: = fabiola Fruhst. (58 d). •—On Lombok 
occurs a very interesting race, icilia /orm. nov., with beautiful light yellow transverse streaks and basal area on 
the hindwing in the $$, whilst the under surface is grey-violet with the exception of the broadly yellow costal 
margin. Ascending from the plain to 2000 ft. Very common in April and May, a true ,,campong“ (village) 
butterfly, which prefers to fly along the roadside and garden-hedges and during the hot day-time also remains 
at the edges of woods close to the ground. — papissa subsp. nov. is larger than the preceding and more broadly 
margined with black. Sumbawa. — floresiana Btlr. (58 e), with both sexes very narrowly margined with black 
and bearing dark yellow areas on the upper surf are of both wings; Flores, Alor, Sumba (?). — dohertiella Btlr. (59o> 
is a modified, very small form, with sharply defined deep black distal margin to both wings, large whitish 
distal areas lightly dusted over with grey on both wings and almost pure white under surface to the hindwing 
in the $$; Wetter.— lynceola Fldr. (= timorensis Btlr.), with broader and yellowish stripes in the $$; Timor.— 
lycaste Fldr. (58 f, only fig. 1) inhabits southern Celebes. The $ has white discal patches on the forewing and 
a lighter basal area on the hindwing, as in formosana. — In North and East Celebes there is a race with the 
entirely black above (58 f, fig. 2), which I now call gellia; the differ from those of lycaste from the south 
of the island in having the black distal margin of both wings twice as broad. — lutatia subsp. nov., from the 
island of Tana Djampea to the south of Celebes, is a very interesting race, being quite isolated, on account 
of the yellow underside of the hindwing, among the forms of the neighbouring islands, whose UU without 
pxception show a white hindwing. In the the black distal margin of the hindwing above is a little more strongly 
eentate than in gellia-tftf. 
purana. 
galbana. 
vasava. 
enarete. 
enaretina. 
andrea. 
aternia. 
Iepidana. 
formosana. 
inornata. 
lyncida. 
lurida. 
fabiola. 
icilia. 
papissa. 
floresiana. 
dohertiella. 
lynceola 
lycaste. 
gellia. 
lutatia. 
On the Moluccas and in the Papuan region lyncida is represented by A. ada, which is distributed to the 
Carolines, Mariannes and Solomons. There are already 15 island forms known, and without doubt a large number 
still remain to be discovered. As in lyncida there also occur in its Papuan sister-species $$ with yellow and others 
with grey basal half to the hindwing beneath. But the latter appear to occur in inverse proportion, i. e. more 
‘) cf. addenda. 
