APPIAS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
151 
of the forewing an isolated black spot instead of a band coincident with the discocellular as in figulina. Both 
sexes vary only in the more extended or denser black dusting of the under surface. In the whole of Java, up 
to elevations of 2000 ft. — baweana Fruhst. (58 b) is a distinct local form, which has become differentiated on baweana. 
the small island of Bawean in spite of the short distance from Java, and whose more nearly approach the 
Celebes race than any other form of the Macromalayan region. There is also a darker $ than the one figured, 
with only 2 red discal patches on the forewing. There also occur on Bawean, as in all the places where nero 
is found, light and dark red specimens (on 58 b, third and fourth figure). The dark red specimens have mostly 
been longer on the wing than the light $<$. — chelidon Fruhst. $: upper surface of the forewing dusted with chelidon. 
black much as in ramosa, larger than Javan specimens; $ with the black distal margin of both wings almost 
twice as broad as in figulina North and South Borneo. — flavius Gr.-Sm. is a much lighter form, light flavins. 
red-yellow in the female, with narrow black margins; Taganac Islands, north of Borneo. — palawanica Stgr. palawanica. 
has in the male only very little black dusting on the forewing. Of the $ there are 3 forms: one similar to ^ 
the <$; a second, coelita Fruhst. (58 c), with white-blue median area; and thirdly helvoia with light yellow- h e i V0 i ( l 
red disc and submarginal spots of the same colour. Palawan, common in January. — On the Philippines occur 
races which collectively are characterised by a broad black, sharply defined distal margin. The broad central 
area varies in colour from light yellow to orange. The darkest of the known races is Zamboanga Fldr., from Min- zamboanga. 
danao, the $ of which has been described by Butler as mindanensis — soranus subsp. nov. is based upon specimens soranus. 
from Cebu, whose $ has the central area, which is white on the forewing and yellow on the hindwing, twice as 
broad as in South Philippine $$. — domitia Fldr. (rf = asterope Fldr.) is a form with narrow black distal margin, domitia. 
which is mostly dark red in the male and commonly almost white in the female; North Philippines, Luzon. — tibericus tibericus. 
subsp. nov. ($ by an oversight described on pi. 60 f as mariae) is a light vermilion form with the distal margin 
of both wings in the finely dusted with black, less interneural scaling on the forewing and broad black 
discal bands on the hindwing beneath. Bazilan, February-March. — This form approaches the somewhat smaller 
acuminata Snell, in the copious black dusting of the forewing and a brown-black submarginal band which traverses acuminata. 
the whole of the under surface of both wings. Tana Djampea, south of Celebes, flies in December. — With 
zarinda Bdv. (58 c) begins a series of forms which are conspicuous by the falcate, very pointed shape of the fore- zarinda. 
wing and the absence of the black vein-colouring on both wings. 58 c, first figure, represents an aberrant J 
with the ve'ns on the forewing slightly tinged with black distally. Two forms of the $ are known, one with red 
median bands and submarginal spots on the upper surface and the other with these markings white: f. fatima fatima. 
Voll. (58c). The $$ of zarinda have a more extended black-grey tinge beneath than the other races.—-In 
South Celebes occurs an aberration of the with light yellow wings; this is ab. aurosa Fruhst. As is the case aurosa. 
with nero, I also observed in Central Celebes that the settled in dense crowds on moist sand-banks or on mud- 
banks-in the river. — phestus Westw. is a small dark form from the attendant island of Talisse, North Celebes. ■—■ phestus. 
sulana Fruhst. is a large form with darker underside from the Sula Islands. — Finally, bouruensis TV all. is a race g ouruens i s 
very similar to zarinda in the male, but with light vermilion $, which differs from all the allied forms in a narrow 
deep black basal area and a continuous light red-yellow submarginal band on both wings. Doherty also 
discovered a fjhform with white discal area on both wings, analogous to fatima Foil, from Celebes. Kuhn found 
the species not rare in eastern Ceram. 
Where on the Moluccas the red nero disappears, occurs a representative of chocolate-brown ground¬ 
colour, A. placidia Stoll (60 e). In this species the $ is not dichromatic, but coloured like the $ (60 e), with placidia. 
a few washed-out yellow submarginal spots on the forewing. Amboina, Ceram. — On the North Moluccas, Batjan, 
Halmaheira and Obi, flies a local form, maculata Stgr., which is distinguished in the female by somewhat more maculata. 
intensive yellow spots on the forewing. 
In the Papuan region the brown species disappears and in its place occurs as representative of the Indo- 
Malayan nero a blue-grey-scaled collective species with partly polychromatic $$, of which A. celestina Bdv.(6 Id), from celestina. 
Waigeu, must be regarded as the name-type. Of all the races of celestina there are $$ with whitish central area 
on both wings (lileia form, nov.) and others with the central area yellowish (aurifera Fruhst., 61 e). —- The sub- ^ yjf' era 
species which is most brightly coloured beneath we meet with on the Aru Islands; it is barea subsp. nov.; above barea. 
with narrow black transcellular band; under surface for the most part brilliant lemon-yellow, tinged with canary- 
yellow, especially on the hindwing. $ above either white or light orange-yellow (= flava Bibbe). — galepsus ^p ( !p SUS 
subsp. nov. (61 e), with stronger submarginal bands on the forewing and broader black distal margin to the hind¬ 
wing; the £ is characterised beneath by a sand-grey tinge on the apical part of the forewing and the whole of 
the hindwing. Key Islands. — sekarensis Bibbe (61 d) has in the male only a narrow black distal border on sekarensis. 
the upperside of the forewing, without a trace of a submarginal spot, and a broad grey tinge on the underside. 
The $ approximates to that of celestina; the basal half of the hindwing is, however, mostly yellow-brown 
instead of whitish. A $-form from Kapaur with grey-yellow tinge on the hindwing I call limia form nov. Dutch limia. 
South and West New Guinea. — In German New Guinea occurs a specialised race, galerus subsp. nov. (61 d), galerus. 
with light blue upper surface in the <$<$, which beneath assume a whitish blue colour, without the least tinge 
