152 
APPIAS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
of grey-brown. The $ is beneath likewise very light, forewing with broad black submarginal band, but with 
white instead of black tone. Hindwing without black distal band, which, however, shows through distinctly 
from the upper surface. According to Hagen drinking at the gravelly, shady banks of brooks, on moist sand, 
clelicata. and not rare. — delicata Btlr. very nearly approaches celestina ; but it is above darker blue and beneath has the 
eumelis. submarginal band narrow but traversing the whole of the forewing. New Pomerania. — eumelis Bdv. probably 
also belongs here; the description: ,,Porewing white, the base black and also the costa and apex; hindwing 
white with broad black marginal band, beneath at the median saffron-yellow“ seems to refer to a New Mecklen- 
korridona, burg.— korridona Gr.-Sm., only the $ known, with yellowish white upper surface, has a very broad brown- 
black distal margin to both wings and the apex of the forewing beneath is tinged with purple-white, the band 
of the hindwing covers a third of the upper surface and has a slight blue-red sheen. Korrido on the island 
of Mysore, 
asteria. A. asteria Mish. (= cerussa Fruhst.) (61 e) is a sharply separated species, in the $ with still stronger 
black bands on the upper surface. Beneath in both sexes a saffron-yellow tinge fills up the whole cell of the fore¬ 
wing. Hindwing of the <$ uniformly light grey, that of the $ grey-violet with black-brown median band. Queens¬ 
land. 
agar. A. Clementina is a small species, of which only two races are known: agar Fruhst. (61 e). beneath 
with blue-grey basal area on the forewing and smoke-brown apex, the underside of the hindwing also smoke-brown; 
$ beneath grey-violet with black submarginal bands on both wings. The rainy-season-form of the is darker 
Clementina, blue-grey than the figured dry-season-form, hammer, Babber, Tenimber. — Clementina Fldr. has a purer 
white ^ with narrower black longitudinal bands. Amboina; is said also to occur in Australia. 
ithome. A. ithome Fldr. (60 b), with black wings, which have a broad vermilion median band on the upper 
surface and are lighter yellow beneath as far as the base, occurs only in Celebes. The § recalls Hupliina affinis 
(58 b) in the dull grey-wliite median band. I found ithome at the edge of the forests on the coast of Toli-Toli 
in November and December drinking at dirty places by the road, and Dr. Martin even took it in the immediate 
neighbourhood of Macassar. 
A. nephele belongs exclusively to the Philippines, where the species as one proceeds from north to south 
presents a striking example of the tendency of many Pierids of the Philippine Archipelago to assume a more melan- 
nephele. otic colouring in the south than in the north and north-west. — nephele Hew., from Luzon, is traversed by 
very broad white bands on the forewing, which on the hindwing of the $ are replaced by yellow ones, with orange- 
invitabilis. coloured bordering to the narrow black distal margin. — In invitabilis subsp. nov., from Mindoro, the white median 
aufidia. areas are narrower and in the $ there is a grey-white instead of a yellow basal area. — In aufidia subsp. nov., from 
Bazilan, the bands are still narrower, but the $ has a yellow basal area on the hindwing. — In Mindanao the 
basal area of the hindwing in the $$ is darkened and the white band of the forewing in the $$ is only a few 
elis. millimeters in width, hence the black distal margin is extended, = elis subsp. nov. — According to Hemper 
host-ilia, the melanotic darkening reaches its maximum on the Sulu Islands, where hostilia subsp. nov. occurs, 
dilutior. with the black distal margin of both wings twice as broad as in Luzon specimens. — Finally, dilutior 
Stgr. (59 f) must be regarded as a lighter form, in which in the $$ the basal area of the forewing in many 
specimens begins to be broken up into brown atoms, and the black distal margin in both sexes is still 
narrower than even in nephele from Luzon. 
With A. indra begins a series of forms which by some authors have been grouped together under the 
untenable generic name Hyposeritia Hbn. In it and its allies we observe the maximum of climatic influence, which 
affects the colouring and pattern as well as the size; moreover, there occurs extreme sexual dimorphism in colours, 
forms of the hot valleys and rain-laden mountains, and insular isolation, so that the specific identity of the forms 
indra. was formerly not known and many were erected as separate species. The rainy-season-form indra Moore (59 a) 
mahana. has in Sikkim specimens a pure white colour, in the larger Assam examples a yellowish tone, which in mahana 
Moore (= imbecilis Moore ) (59 a) becomes sand-coloured, and also the black apical spot on the upper surf ace 
begins to be broken up. The $ is extremely rare, scarcely one to 1000 above almost entirely black, w ith 
grey-scaled, white discal area on the forewing, beneath with very broad black transverse band on the forew' ng 
and greenish yellow tinge 'on the hindwing. The species only very rarely migrates into the Bengal plain, 
but is common in Sikkim, Assam and Burma at elevations of 1000—4000 ft. — In the Indian plague- 
shiva. district near Poona, north of Bombay, occurs a small subspecies, with very pointed forewing: shiva Swinli. 
(59 d). — In South India, in Travancore and the Nilghiris, there is a form with somewhat broader black 
