PHRISSURA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
157 
undergo a large number of modifications. $-f. iria form. nov. (61 b), above white, with isolated, rounded, 
brown discal patches on the hindwing; beneath, the apex of the forewing and the hindwing ochre-yellow 
without a trace of bands or borders. $-f. flaminia form. nov. has the hindwing similarly marked, but is 
above yellow, as are the subapical spots of the forewing, horatia form. nov. has yellow upper surface to 
the hindwing, which bears a broad black distal margin on both sides. In aegina form. nov. the upper 
surface is white, hindwing with narrow black border above, under surface light yellow; marginata form nov., 
hindwing on both surfaces broadly margined with black, ground-colour of the hindwing beneath dark ochre- 
yellow. All the five forms occur in the month of January in the same locality on Palawan. — plaetoria 
subsp. nov. is the race from Balabac, where the species is not rare in December. ^ beneath darker yellow 
than specimens from Luzon, Bazilan and Palawan. forewing white with small white subapical spots, 
hindwing above yellowish green with broad distal margin. Apex of the forewing and the whole of the 
hindwing beneath milk-white, with violet and yellowish tinge, without black distal border, but with slightly 
indicated submarginal band. — niinato Fruhst. is the finest geographical offshoot of this species. Only the 
$ known, the forewing with the veins finely black, and with diffuse spots. Apex of the forewing and the 
whole hindwing beneath pale straw-yellow, the former with round black spot between the first two medians. 
Ishigaki, one of the most southerly Loo Choo Islands. 
A. wardi Moore (60 f) replaces paulina in South India, and is probably a separate species. Fig. f ‘2 
represents the rainy-season form, f 3 an intermediate form, whilst in the dry-season form the black apical 
margin is even more restricted, and also the distinct subapical band on the forewing beneath in the rainy 
form almost disappears. The $ closely approaches that of paulina, but the subapical band of its forewing 
is nearly twice as broad. The larva lives on Capparis heyneana AVall., South India, Nilghiris. — Finally, 
yaksha subsp. nov. is a very small race from the hot lowlands with pointed wings and fine, black-grey 
teeth to the distal part of the forewing. Under surface of both wings almost entirely white. Poona, 
Deesa, Bombay district. 
oJ-a. A.7>nata Klieil (60 e), one of the most noteworthy species from the small island of Nias, above blue- 
grey instead of white, forewing with fine black teeth. Beneath the apex of the forewing and the hindwing 
have a yellowish tinge, on a grey-blue ground. Very rare. 
A, cardena (60 b) is distinguished by the relatively short black hair-pencils on the penultimate 
abdominal tergite and the black-latticed apical part of the forewing above, which is darkest in hagar Voll. 
from Sumatra, whose underside, however, has in the basal area of the hindwing lighter yellow spots than 
cardena Heiv. from North Borneo. An intermediate in the character of the pattern and colouring is 
perakana Fruhst. (60 b), which has the apex of the forewing somewhat more copiously decorated with white 
than in liagar and narrow, but dark orange-coloured basal margin to the hindwing beneath. Malay Peninsula. 
A. leptis Fldr. (60 b), a common and inconspicuous species, which occurs everywhere in Java up to 
2000 ft. where remains of the virgin vegetation still exist and in many places enlivens the grassy borders 
of deserted coffee-plantations to the number of hundreds. Most nearly allied to the name-type is balinus 
Fruhst., with essentially narrowed black subapical bands on the forewing and reduced black distal margin 
to the hindwing. Bali. — vadus subsp. nov, (59 d) is much larger, with more extended black bordering to 
both wings and very large white subapical dots on the forewing. Lombok, in May—June, very rare at 
this most easterly limit of its range. —- plana Bilr. (59 c), described from the Malay Peninsula, and occur¬ 
ring in identically the same form on Sumatra, has the hindwing entirely without black distal margin, 
which is likewise absent in aemilia subsp. nov. from Borneo, in which also the white subapical spots of 
the forewing are smaller and the black subapical band is wider. — massilia subsp. nov. (59 d) is character¬ 
ised hy the yellowish instead of white upper surface. Palawan, common in January. -— festrada subsp. nov. 
(59 c sixth figure) is the smallest of the known races, beneath more richly suffused with yellow than Sumatra 
specimens, however without assuming the almost ochre-yellow colour of massilia beneath. Common on Nias. 
A. maria Semp., from Luzon, is a very rare species, always only occurring singly, of pure white 
ground-colour, almost the same in both sexes. The white ground-colour projects into the black distal 
margin of the hindwing in the form of a nose-shaped incision, which occurs in no other species, maria 
has the black margin of the hindwing only 2 mm. broad. — In specimens from Bohol and Bazilan, 
dolorosa subsp. nov. (50 f), it is widened to 3 mm.; moreover the three white subapical patches of the fore¬ 
wing are increased in size. — In adorabilis subsp. nov. the border of the wing is widened to 4—5 mm , 
so that it reaches the cell. Mindanao. In all three races there is proximally to the violet-tinged distal 
border of the hindwing a beautiful yellow tone, which spreads over the whole wing and shades off im¬ 
perceptibly into the yellowish white basal area. 
16. Genus: Plirissiira Btlr. 
A Philippine genus, which has extended southwards to Celebes. Only one species known, of which 
a number of island races still remain to be discovered. The butterflies fly slowly at the edges of woods, 
iria. 
flaminia. 
horatia. 
aegina. 
marginata. 
plaetoria. 
minalo. 
wardi. 
yaksha. 
nata. 
hagar. 
cardena. 
perakana 
leptis. 
balinus. 
vadus. 
plana. 
aemilia. 
massilia. 
festrada. 
maria. 
dolorosa. 
adorabilis. 
