CATOPSILIA. By H. Frulistorfer. 
163 
indistinct black submarginal bands and whitish under surface; and crocale Cr., which varies from pale to crocale. 
dark yellow, changing into ochreous especially often in examples from Macromalayana, and has sharply 
marked black submarginal bands and dark or reddish yellow under surface. — $-f. latilimbata form. nov. latilimbata. 
(69 c, second figure, as crocale ) is the predominant form on Java, which bears also beneath black or 
brown-violet bands on a white ground with mother-of-pearl gloss. Specimens from Anterior India are never 
so intensely black as the specimen figured and mostly much larger. — micromalayana subsp. nov. is the niicro- 
name given here to the form from the lesser Sunda Islands, which is distinguished by the uniform yellow viala y'- nt "- 
tint of the upper surface of both wings in and $. In it occurs for the first time on the way towards 
the east a $-form similar to the <$, without a trace of black subapical spots on the forewing; this is 
$-form virosa form. nov. (6^Pe). Among the <$<$ the half white, half yellow aberration (= alcmene Cr.) virosa. 
is very rare. True $-f. virosa is known from Sumba and Alor, but a similar form also occurs in Celebes 
and in New Guinea. —• celebica subsp. nov. (68 e, 69 a), as is nearly always the case in Celebes butterflies, celebica. 
is the largest of the crocale- races, and is further characterised by the occurrence of an almost entirely black 
$-form, ostentata form. nov. (69 a), which, however, is connected by all transitions with the lighter ostentata. 
forms and even with ah. virosa Fruhst. Celebes, Saleyer, Ivalao. — flava Btlr. (68 d, e) approaches celebica, flora. 
but is mostly somewhat inferior in size; also no darker specimens are known than 68 d 4, a $-form for 
which the name rivalis may be introduced; whilst 68 d 5 may be designated as $-form crocalina and 68 e crocalina. 
2 as jugurthina. Moluccas, New Guinea, Australia, Bismarck Archipelago, Solomons. jurgurthina. 
C. pomona F. (69 b) differs from the preceding species in the red instead of black antennae, the pomona. 
occurrence of white silver dots in the disc of the underside of both wings, the lesser variability of colour 
in the $$, greater rarity, and according to Martin and the Anglo-Indian collectors in the fact that 
it always keeps to the woods and is never found in open country. Also the sexual organs of crocale and 
pomona are different; in the former the distal parts of the valve are roundish, almost equally broad, 
and the penis is non-dentate ventrally; in pomona the upper valvular process is very small, pointed, and 
like the larger wings acutely angled, and the penis is distinctly dentate ventrally. But in opposition to 
these morphological differences is the fact that both de Niceville and Hagen state that the two 
species have been bred from the same brood of larvae. Moore regards pomona as a pale seasonal form 
of catilla, which I cannot endorse, as all the forms fly at the same time on Java. The question therefore 
still remains to be settled, and for the sake of simplicity we follow here the majority of entomologists 
and treat pomona as a separate species. Of the before us from Java 33% belong to the form aserrata aserrata. 
without serrations of the costal margin of the forewing, whilst 20 out of 30 specimens of the form serrata serrata. 
are armed with such costal-marginal points. The CC’ vary still further, like those of crocale, most of them 
belonging to the form hilaria Cr. (69 c), with yellow base and white distal part on the upper surface of hilaria. 
the wings; the with entirely yellow upperside might be called citronella. They are the predominant citronella. 
form on the lesser Sunda Islands. For the $-form named pomona on 69 b, with the surface of the wings 
white on both sides, we introduce the name nivescens; beautiful dark yellow $$ with broadly diffuse nivescens. 
blood-red spot on the under surface of the forewing are catilla Cr.; this aberration occurs also, but much catilla. 
more rarely, on a white instead of yellow ground; this is siscia form. nov. A further noteworthy aber- siscia. 
ration consists of those specimens in which the hindwing bears beneath only 2 large round patches at the 
subcostal veins (= bidotata form, nov.), which do not form a continuous spot as in catilla. It occurs especi- bidotata. 
ally in Micromalayana. The local differences are not so pronounced in pomona as in crocale, and only 
the Celebes form deserves further mention as perspicua form. nov. (69 b). Here both sexes are considerably perspicua. 
larger than the other Malayan examples; $ distinguished by the black-brown submarginal band being 
complete and traversing also the hindwing. $ above only a little lighter distally than the <$<$ of crocale 
celebica Fruhst. — hinda Btlr. is the Australian race, above a peculiar cream-colour, beneath a magnificent hinda. 
ochre-yellow; from Queensland. 
C. scylla is a purely Malayan butterfly, which has spread northwards from Macromalayana to 
Tenasserim and Siam, and towards the east has reached the Moluccas. The $<$, with the exception of 
insular differences, are very constant; in the $$ the influence of the seasons is noticeable in the occurrence 
in the Micromalayan region of distinctly paler dry-season forms ($-f. ascylla Fruhst. [68 a]) and on Celebes ascylla. 
of a wholly darkened $ in the rainy season ($-f. minacia form. nov. [68 b]). The name-type scylla L. (68 a) m 'Lnacia. 
comes from Java, where the species is not rare up to elevations of 2000 ft. and occurs everywhere in 
gardens and open country. It is also found on Bawean, Bali and Lombok. —- In Sumatra, the Malay 
Peninsula and Siam occurs a race which has somewhat less black (68 a, fig. 3 and 4 from Sumatra). — 
sidra subsp. nov. (68 b 68 c $, on the plate as scijlloides) is the larger and darker race from Sumbawa.— sidra. 
scylloides Fruhst. (68 b $, 68 c 2 $), originally described from Babber, which also inhabits Tenimber, Wetter scijlloides. 
and other islands east of Timor, is a smaller geographical race, with paler colouring in the % — asaema asaema. 
Star. (68 b), the largest of the known forms, is distributed over the whole of Celebes, and like - crocale 
celebica Fruhst. tends to form melanotic aberrations (§-f. minacia form. nov. [68 b]). — bangkeiana Fruhst. bangkeiana. 
has the black distal margin even more extended than in asaema, with still more distinctly marked sub- 
