TERIAS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
165 
intermediate between Central European <$<$ and those from Japan, with very extended yellow subapical 
patches on the forewing. Habitat Siberia. 
As C. aias Fruhst. (73 a) is figured the single island race of the Palearctic ;palaeno L., which has 
already been discussed in the first volume, p. 63. It differs from all the known forms in the broadened 
distal border of the forewing. The $ is pure white, with the distal border of the forewing twice as broad 
as in European specimens. Main island of Japan. : ) 
C. ladakensis Fldr. (= shipkee Moore ) is above brilliant sulphur-yellow, the black distal margin 
ornamented with large oval yellow spots, hindwing densely dusted over with black, likewise yellow-spotted. 
Known from Ladak and Kashmir, to which it occasionally wanders from Tibet. 
C. berylla Fawcett (= nina Fawcett ) (I, 26 c, p. 66), from southern Tibet, is a light yellow local 
race of the preceding. 
C. thrasibulus nom. nov. for the name elwesi Bob., preoccupied since 1881, a rare local form of thrasibulns. 
cocandica Ersch. from Central Asia, figured on pi. 72 c as leeclii Elwes, known from Ladak from altitudes 
of 15—17,000 ft. 
C. alpJierakii Stgr. (I, p. 64, pi. 25 e, f) passes over the Indian boundary at Chitral. 
C. dubia Fawc. (I, p. 67) is a species allied to the northern sulitelma Aur., which was taken in dubia. 
southern Tibet at about 10,000 ft. and is also reported from Native Sikkim. 
C. wiskotti Stgr. (I, p. 70, 27 d) has likewise been observed in Chitral at the Kandur Pass at an 
elevation of 11,000 ft. 
C. eogene Fldr. (I, p. 67, 26 c), a magnificent species, with a strong tendency to the formation of 
local races, is also known from the Indian empire, where it occurs in Kashmir, Ladak and Chitral — 
always at elevations of over 9000 ft. Of the $ specimens have been discovered in India with yellowish 
and in Baltistan with whitish upper surface. 
C. miranda Fruhst. (72 f) was recently discovered in South Tibet, near the border of Sikkim, and miranda. 
is a small species varying somewhat in colour from ochre- to red-yellow; it was originally described as a 
local race of eogene. The $ (30, f. 5) is light ochre-yellow with broad, black submarginal band on the 
forewing, pale yellow distal border to both wings and a yellow oblong spot on the otherwise blackish hind¬ 
wing. Kamba-Jong, from 15—17,000 ft. 
C. stoliczkana Moore (72 f) is a species described from Changla in Ladak, of light ochre-yellow stoliczkana. 
ground-colouring, whose $ approximates to miranda, but apart from the lighter upper surface it has also 
a cell-streak traversing the hindwing to the base. The Be? bear moreover a black terminal margin on the 
hindwing which extends to the hindmargin. Flies likewise at elevations of from 4—5000 m. 
C. fieldi Men. (I, p. 68, pi. 26 g) is divided into two races, fieldi from China is essentially larger fieldi. 
than edusina Btlr. from India, where it is distributed from Kashmir to Bhotan and Assam. The $ occurs edusina. 
in two forms, a dark rainy-season form without yellow, and in the smaller dry-season form with yellow 
spots at the costal margin of the forewing. The species extends from 5—12,000 ft. and is in many places 
very common. Bingham has recently discovered it also in Upper Burma. 
22. Genus: Terias Swains. * 2 ) 
The species of this almost cosmopolitan genus come in such abundance in consignments from the 
tropics that together with Catopsilia and certain Danaids they are a bugbear to the collector, but very 
unjustly, for they deserve perhaps more than other more attractive butterflies an exact study, which on 
account of the tendency of the species to develop horodimorphic, local and insular forms is as difficult as 
it is interesting. Although in general very variable, some apparently insignificant characters remain 
strikingly constant, such as the occurrence of only one, two or three black dots in the cell on the under¬ 
side of the forewing. The subapical marking of the forewing beneath is repeated in diverse species in the 
most deceptive manner ( hecabe, sari). — In neuration they approach Colias in the rudimentary precostal 
and the short and broad cell of the hindwing, but differ in two subcostal veins arising before the end of 
the cell of the forewing, in this cell being broader, and above all in the weak and delicate wings. 
The flight of the species varies greatly; they mostly only move slowly and without energy, flut¬ 
tering from flower to flower, and everywhere in the tropics enliven open places, gardens, the edges of 
L C. phila Fruhst. (73 a) was sent to me from Kashmir, but it has just been proved that the collector 
had by oversight mixed a faintly coloured European specimen, which he had obtained in exchange, among 
genuine Kashmir butterflies. Hence the name sinks as a synonym of phicomone Esper. 
2 ) Terias 1820—21 is about 6 years older than the better known name Eurema Ilbn. of 1826. 
