168 
TEEIAS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
chemys. incised marginal bands on both wings. Island of Engano. — chemys subsp. nov. is the race from Alor and 
Sumba, in which the GG are deep yellow and the $$ have the basal area powdered over with dull grey. 
brevicostalis .—- brevicostalis Btlr., a smaller form from the islands of the Timor Group, with the distal bands deeply 
incised proximally; Timor, Wetter, Babber, Dammer, Kisser and Key. — On Sumba occurs a similar, 
kalidupa’ somewhat modified race, scarcely dentate proximally: dendera subsp. nov. -— As kalidupa subsp. nov. is 
here introduced one of the most sharply characterised island forms, whose Gc? recall brevicostalis, but are 
deeper yellow and bear a narrow black distal border. The $ is, however, densely powdered over with 
black throughout and the veins broadly covered with black. Kalidupa, discovered by H. Kuhn. — 
dentyris. dentyris subsp. nov. is a small form, with very narrow marginal band, the GG deep dark yellow but the 
asanga. without dusting on the upper surface; Tanah-Djampea, Saleyer. — asanga subsp. nov. is the race from the 
Northern Moluccas, which Butler unites with his brevicostalis from Micromalayana, to which it approxim- 
sinda. ates very nearly, but differs in the more greenish yellow Halmaheira, Batjan. —- sinda subsp. nov. 
is a mountain form from South Celebes, with relatively narrow black distal border to the hindwing of the 
GG and very large, strikingly pale yellow $$. Under surface with very large red-brown apical spot; 
hindwing with four diffuse patches. The differ from the $$ of latimargo Hopffr., which occur with 
them, in the absence of black dusting on the upperside of both wings and the much reduced marginal 
oeta. band on the hindwing. Peak of Bonthain, February, 5000 ft. — As oefa subsp. nov. are united all the 
hecabe occurring in New Guinea; they differ from sulpliurata Btlr. in the darker yellow ground-colour, the 
kerawara. narrow black distal margin of both wings and the deeper colouring of the under surface. — kerawara 
Bibbe is the name of specimens from the Bismarck Archipelago, with green-white upper surface in the $$ 
magna. and only slightly yellow tinge on the hindwing; New Pomerania. —- magna Bibbe is a similarly coloured 
nivaria. race, but of larger size. Mioko. — nivaria subsp. nov., from the Solomons, has almost entirely white 
which recall those of biformis, but only show traces of a yellow tinge, while the hindwing is scarcely 
sulphurata. perceptibly margined with black. — Under sulpliurata Btlr. its author has recently grouped together all 
the Australian specimens and quite a number of island races, such as hebridina, aprica (Tonga-tabu), 
maroensis, laratensis Btlr., a course which will need to be tested. The Australian race is in general, in 
diversa. spite of the occurrence of seasonal forms, less variable than Indian hecabe. — diversa Wall. is a very 
interesting subspecies with white instead of yellow $$. The type comes from Bum; recently examples 
biformis. have also been discovered on Obi. — biformis Btlr. (73 c) is the name for the little larger and somewhat 
bandana, more broadly black-margined race from Amboina and Ceram. — bandana subsp. nov. has in the G the 
same marginal pattern as biformis, but a light yellow $ with very weak black distal border. 
lecmessa. T. tecmessa Nicev., described from Penang and North-East Sumatra, in Fruhstorfer’s col¬ 
lection from Perak and West Sumatra, is a highly specialised form, distinguished by elongate instead of 
rounded forewing, very sharply defined black margins to the greenish yellow upper surface of the wings 
and an apical spot on the forewing beneath reminding one of sari and sodalis, which is red-brown but 
traversed by a yellowish zone. But its specific distinctness remains nevertheless doubtful. 
T. latimargo Hopffr. (= anguligera Btlr.) forms a transition to the tilaha-group inasmuch as the 
anal margin of the forewing above extends in North Celebes specimens to the middle of the wing; on 
the other hand such a close relationship to hecabe is shown by the colouring of the $$ (of which some 
recall South Philippine and others Malayan races) and the presence of 2 cell-dots on the forewing beneath, 
nesos. that its specific right is still an open question. Four forms deserve mention: nesos subsp. nov. (73 e, f), 
with narrower black distal border and weaker black dusting on the upperside of the forewing. G very 
large, much lighter yellow than North Celebes GG- nesos inhabits the peak of Bonthain, where in February 
sophrona. and March the two seasonal forms overlapped at an elevation of about 4000 ft. — sophrona form. nov. 
is the form of the plains, common near Macassar and at the waterfall of Maros; GG smaller size, $ dark 
latimargo. yellow without any dusting. — latimargo Hopffr. is the mountain form from North Celebes, darker in both 
pylos. sexes. — pylos subsp. nov., a well-defined island race with broader and more deeply excised margins to 
othrys. both wings. Sula Mangoli. -— othrys subsp. nov. has also a very broad, proximally pointed anal spot on 
the forewing and uniform distal margin, imperceptibly incised on the hindwing. This is the form which 
Semper figured as vallivolans ab. Philippines. 
blanda. T. blanda Bdv. (73 e), whose specific right has often been questioned, is a distinct species, character¬ 
ised by narrower wings and less broad distal margin throughout, and distinguishable from hecabe by 
3 instead of 2 small transverse streaks on the under surface ox the forewing. The latter is indeed some¬ 
what inconstant, in specimens of the rainy season sometimes scarcely to be recognised, but on the other 
hand the form of the genitalia defines the species with precision. The valve of hecabe is distally (apart 
from three finger-shaped appendages) only provided with one long-produced, rounded point, but that of 
blanda bears a small corona of four sharp teeth. In the character of the pattern blanda varies as much as 
hecabe, the specimens of the rainy season beneath almost unmarked, those of the dry period sprinkled with 
red. Also the form sodalis occurs, and thus it came about that hecabe and blanda have been often con¬ 
fused, and even a part of the figures of hecabe in Moore’s Lepid. Indica belong to blanda. — The larva is 
