170 
TERIAS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
lacteola. 
toba. 
varga. 
yaksha. 
ada. 
prabha. 
sodalis. 
sari. 
thyreus. 
obucola. 
sarilata. 
crinatha. 
curiosa. 
lomboldana. 
invida. 
samarana. 
leytensis. 
tilaha. 
nicevillei. 
gradiens. 
garama. 
lominia. 
southerly race, similar to the type in size, but the $ has the black-brown margins of the wings nearly 
three times as broad. The under surface of both sexes even more distinctly spotted with black than in 
the more northern forms. West Java, very rare. 
T. lacteola Dist. (73 d) is closely allied to the preceding species in the pattern of the under surface, 
which in the dry-season form, especially in Javanese specimens, shows almost as large a red apical spot 
on the forewing beneath as sari, so that it is not inconceivable that lacteola is only an extreme form of 
sari. But as proof of this is still wanting on account of the rarity of this insect, lacteola is here treated 
as a species. The typical subspecies, described by Distant from Perak was taken by me in Annam and 
Siam. — toba Nicev. may represent the Sumatran race, unless indeed it was only erected on a mountain 
form of hecabe. Only 3 or 4 examples are known, among them one from AVest Sumatra. -— varga subsp. 
nov. is the race from AVest Java, normally larger than the figure, but both sexes with narrower black 
distal margin. — yaksha subsp. nov., a well differentiated island form, with very narrow black distal margin 
to the forewing and the upper surface of both wings basally powdered over with black; Natuna Islands. — 
ada Dist. is the name of the Borneo form, very nearly allied to the Malayan race; the $ is figured on 
pi. 73 d. -— prabha subsp. nov. differs from it in having the margins of both wings twice as broad and a 
richer yellowish tinge on the upper surface of the hindwing. Palawan. 
T. sari is a species easily recognisable by its rounded wings, the large red-brown subapical spot in 
the cell of the forewing beneath, and by the single black ring-spot near the base. Its area of distribution 
is much less extended than that of hecabe and blanda, and scarcely extends beyond the true Malayan 
countries. The species is said also to occur in South India and Ceylon, but we have not received specimens 
from there. — sodalis Moore is a local race with pale yellow ground-colour, the black distal margin of the 
$$ being narrower than shown in the figure. Mergui Archipelago, Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Lingga 
Archipelago, Sumatra. — sari Horsf. (73 f) is the typical subspecies, which occurs on Java, especially at 
elevations of 1000—2000 ft. in coffee-plantations overgrown with weeds or at the edges of w T oods. — 
thyreus subsp. nov. is a specialised race with more extended black distal margin to both wings and especi¬ 
ally copious red-brown ornamentation on the under surface of both wings. Island of Engano, common, 
in April. — obucola subsp. nov., from South Borneo, Natuna and Palawan, has still broader black-brown 
margins on the hindwing. — sarilata Semp. {= mindorana Btlr.) is a pale yellow race with moderately 
broad margins from the central Philippines. — crinatha subsp. nov., from the South Philippines, is, like 
all the forms from there, essentially darker ; $ densely dusted with black and the distal margin still broader 
than in Borneo examples. Mindanao. — curiosa Swinh. is according to Bing-ham an aberrant form of 
sari with unusually broad black distal margin. Bombay district. 
T. lombokiana Fruhst. (73 d) recalls sari in the colouring, the shape of the wings and the black 
markings of the under surface, but the red apical spot is wanting on the underside of the forewing, the 
terminal margin of which has a complete black border, wdrile in sari there are only red isolated distal dots. 
Lombok, May—June at elevations of 2000 ft.; Flores, in November. Everywhere rare, and may certainly 
be looked for also from Sumbawa and perhaps Timor. 
T. invida Btlr. is a species of uncertain position, which is rare in collections. Butler has since 
united it with aliiha Fldr. as a dry-season form, Semper, who had larger material at his disposal, calls 
attention to its relationship to tilaha Horsf. and latimargo Hopff. Certain it is that invida occurs on 
Mindanao in two seasonal forms, and that it may perhaps be taken as the Philippine representative of 
tilaha Horsf. — samarana subsp. nov. is distinguished by a roundish, isolated patch at the hindmargin of 
the forewing, such as is shown by no other Terias. Island of Samar. — leytensis subsp. nov. very nearly 
approaches tilaha in the continuous black anal margin of the forewing and the blackish basal tinge of the 
median vein of the hindwing. Island of Leyte. 
T. tilaha is the most conspicuous of the Malayan species of Terias, which, although it also occurs 
near the coast, is found as a rule only at elevations of 1000—3000 ft. and prefers natural vegetation 
rather than cultivated land. Three subspecies are known: tilaha Horsf. (= eumide Fldr. 1 ) (73 g), of light 
yellow ground-colour; distal margin of the hindwing of the $ scarcely appreciably broader than in the 
ground-colour somewhat paler. East and AA^est Java. — nicevillei Btlr., of dark yellow ground-colour; 
distal margin of the $ distinctly broader than in the J 1 . Sumatra. — gradiens Btlr. (= rahel Stgr. nec 
Fabr. nec Btlr.). Distal margin of both wings very broad in both sexes. Hindwing of the $ distinctly 
rounded off anally; North Borneo. ■— garama subsp. nov. has more elongate forewung, light yellow ground¬ 
colour and very narrow bands, Sulu Islands, Jolo Archipelago. 
T. tominia Vollenh. (— tondano Fldr.) is perhaps only the strongly modified Celebes local form of 
the preceding species; the two have in common the black anal margin of the forewing beneath which is 
not found in any other Terias, and is apparently a secondary sexual characteristic, as it is otherwise 
common in But the shape of the uncus and valve is well differentiated, the distal valvular process 
x ) Confirmed by comparison of the types. 
