SALETARA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
100 
±KJ £ 
S. panda, distributed from the Philippines to Celebes, Sumatra and the Nicobars, occurs especially 
nivaria. in the Macromalayan district almost always in 2 male and 2 female colour-aberrations, one pale whitish 
sulphurea. nivaria) and one sulphur- to lemon-yellow (sulphurea T 7 oil.). — nathalia Fldr. is the most northerly race 
nathalia x / " . ' . ° 
'of panda; $ whitish yellow, $ with black distal border and black submarginal band on the forewing 
martia. beneath, which is only indicated on the underside of the hindwing. Luzon. — martia subsp. nov. (61 f, 8) 
has in the a broader black margin to the forewung, in the the basal area of the hindwing is also 
tinged with black and the hindwing bears on the under surface an extended submarginal band on a yel¬ 
lowish green ground. Two forms, one with sulphur-yellow and another with hyaline blue-white central 
erebina. areas on both wings. Bazilan, Mindanao. -— erebina Fruhst. (61 f the $ belongs to martia), from Pala¬ 
wan, has three $-forms: central area of both wings light sulphur-yellow, or with light yellow forewing and 
lemon-yellow hindwing, or with the upper surface of the wings lemon-yellow throughout. All three fly in 
hostilia. January. — hostilia subsp. nov. is larger, darker yellow, the distal margin of the hindwing more deeply 
dentate proximally, under surface of the forewing more greenish yellow, submarginal band of the fore- 
nigerrima. wing narrower than in erebina. Balabac. — nigerrima Holl. (62 a) inhabits Celebes; the almost entirely 
black $ resembles the $ of Appias urania Wall, above, but has the whitish yellow central areas of the 
forewing somewhat more extended. Contrary to the general rule, the under surface of the forewing is 
white with the exception of the cell and the apical area; $ with very broad black subapical band on the 
forewing, cell of the forewing suffused with greenish yellow, hindwing without markings, dark ochre-yellow. 
Hitherto only known from Southern Celebes, from the waterfall of Maros, where it occurs from August to 
aurantiaca. January. — aurantiaca Stgr., from the Sula Islands, has the hindwing brilliant fiery red-yellow. The fore- 
wing resembles that of chrysea, but the black distal border is more finely divided and runs further into the 
panda, cell along the veins. — panda Godt. (61 f) is the name-type of the species, from Java, where besides the 
vivaria, dark yellow examples figured pale yellow specimens of both sexes also frequently occur (f. nivaria). The 
butterflies were not rare in East Java at certain times, particularly in January—February, but do not 
ascend above 2000 ft. I doubt the correctness of the locality of examples from Sumba and Sumbawa in 
balina. my collection. — balina Fruhst., which is essentially smaller, has the black margins on the upper surface 
distanti. much narrowed and the subapical band on the forewing beneath obsolete. Bali. — distanti Btlr., from the 
Malay Peninsula and probably occurring in very similar forms also on Sumatra and Borneo, has light 
yellow wings, $ on the forewing with a deeper black border, on the hindwing with a narrower one, than 
schoenbergi. Javan $$. — schoenbergi Sem-p. (61 f), with canary-yellow ground-colour and pale yellow costal margin to 
engania. the forewing, has the $$ sometimes lemon-yellow, sometimes light ochre-yellow. Nias. — engania Fruhst. 
(62 a) has the ground-colour of the delicate cream-colour above only, the under surface of both wings being 
aurifolia. as brightly and uniformly orange as in schoenbergi. $ unknown. Engano. — aurifolia Fruhst. (62 a). Fore¬ 
wing light, hindwing darker orange-yellow, forewing Avith uniform, narrow black submarginal band, Avhich 
chrysea. is only distally slightly tinged with vdolet. Island of Pulo-Tello in the Batu Group. —- chrysea Fruhst. 
approaches schoenbergi, but has a proximally more uniform and more sharply defined distal border to the 
forewing, which is light yellow apically. Under surface fiery orange-yellow. $ similar to that of aurifolia, 
but with the black border almost tAvice as broad. Nicobars. 
S. liberia replaces panda on the Moluccas; but the yelloAv ground-colour of the upper surface is 
changed to grey-blue, only the yellowish under surface reveals the relationship. — The typical subspecies 
liberia. liberia Cr. (62 b), from the Southern Moluccas, has the under surface of the foreAving light yelloAv-green 
and the hindwing dark orange-colour, The $ is very rare and has the veins less broadly black than 
'ubhia e ^ af * a Hew. from the Northern Moluccas, which in its turn approaches obina subsp. nov. (62 a, b). In the 
latter, however, the black distal border is ahvays broader, especially on the underside of the forewing. The 
principalis. $$ are polychromatic; they are as follows: f. principalis Avith the black distal border broken up and proxi¬ 
mally running out in streaks. Under surface: both Avings distally only spotted with black in parts. Base 
of the forewing greenish yellow; apex and hindwing ochre-yelloAv; forewing with a diffuse submarginal band 
vada. which does not reach the costal margin, f. vada; distal margin of both Avings broadly black, compact. 
Under surface: both wings greenish yelloAv with a somewhat more distinct submarginal band on both wings. 
cor inn a " P seu( ^ ocor * nna form. nov. ; upper surface either blue-grey as in the preceding or almost white-grey as in 
corinna Wall .-$. Black distal margin on both wings above and beneath compact, very broad. Under sur¬ 
face: base of the forewing greenish, central area whitish; surface of the hindwing above either light or 
benlla ochre-yellow. — chrysoberylla subsp. nov., above darker blue-grey than liberia, Avith broader black 
distal border. Under surface of the forewing lighter grey and the apex of the forewing as Avell as the 
surface of the hindwing light greenish yellow instead of orange-coloured as in liberia. Burn, common. 
cycinna. S. cycinna Hew. (62 a, b) inhabits the Papuan region, from Avhich only three island races are yet 
known. The typical subspecies was described from New Guinea. Dutch and British NeAv Guinea. — The 
ocina. $-form figured as cycinna Avas described by Heavitson as a separate species under the name ocina. The 
forewing is Avhite also beneath Avith light yelloAv tinge in the cell, the hindwing dark canary-yellow. Its 
habitat is pretty certainly not NeAv Guinea. —- On the Am Islands occurs a hitherto undescribed race: 
