200 
DANAIDA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
strephon. gether with a darkening of the underside. Fergusson, D’Entrecasteaux Islands. - — strephon Fruhst, are 
examples from New Guinea, which are intermediate between ciffinis F. from Australia and galacterion in 
the shape of the white oblique band of the forewing and in the red-brown of the wedge-spots on the hind¬ 
wing beneath, which is somewhat lighter than in galacterion, but yet always darker than in affinis. Local¬ 
ities: Etna Bay and Kapaur, South-West Dutch New Guinea, discovered by H. Kuhn and W. Doherty. 
affinoides. In strephon also the form vorkeinus appears as an aberration. -—• affinoides Fruhst. (77 d) most nearly 
approaches affinis F. from Australia and Ivey, but differs from it in the by having both wings more 
copiously sprinkled with white, and in the broader oblique band and the broad white cell-streak on the 
forewing above. Under surface: the apex of the forewing is brown and not black and the hindwing shot 
with dark coffee-brown, not light reddish brown. Locality: Talaut Islands to the north of Celebes. Whilst 
affinoides very closely approximates to the Australian type, a race from the island of Taruna, likewise 
belonging to the Talaut Islands, differs so strikingly from affinis that we might almost think we had a 
separate species before us, if transitions like decentralis (77 d) did not prove that in aff inis the black 
taruna. ground-colour very easily changes into dark red or even into light yellow-brown. At any rate taruna 
Fruhst., from the harbour of that name in the island of Sangir, closely resembles decentralis (77 d), is much 
larger and bears only an indistinct white spot before the inner margin of the forewing and a shorter white 
spot in the cell of the hindwing. The under surface of the forewing is light red-brown without a trace 
sangir a. of (fiscal spots. — sangira Fruhst, is only a form of the preceding, nearly approaches taruna in size and 
has also about the same pattern, except that it bears a very long white spot between the lower median 
and the submedian of the forewing, larger white cell-spot and elongated white circumcellular patches on 
decentralis. the hindwing. Sangir. — decentralis Fruhst. (77 d) inhabits all the islands of the Peling and Sula Groups 
to the east of Celebes, where it is very common everywhere. Smaller than sangira, it bears a much 
narrower white subapical band on the forewing, also in many examples there are white cell-streaks on the 
forewing, but even the specimens with the upper surface most darkened bear nevertheless a very long and 
broad white spot above the submedian of the forewing beneath, in which decentralis differs constantly 
fulgurate, from fulgurata Btlr. from southern and eastern Celebes. Many fulgurate have no white at all on the fore¬ 
wing and even the small cell-spot of the hindwing is sometimes dusted over with black. — An interesting 
leucippus. form is leucippus Boh., from Kisser and Wetter, whose ground-colour is predominantly white with the 
usual black margins to the wings and some light yellow-brown stripes on the upperside. The hindwing 
bears beneath large tan-coloured roundish submarginal patches, which sometimes extend in arrow-shape 
chionippe. nearly to the cell. — chionippe Hhn. is a very nearly allied race from Timor, in which the white subapical 
coriacea. band of the forewing and the disc of the hindwing are even more broadly white. — coriacea Fruhst., from 
Alor, on the contrary is a form in which the white of both wings is changed into light tan-colour, on the 
forewing sometimes even completely gives place to it. The underside of the forewing shows no trace of 
tambora. a white patch. — Thus the race from Alor forms a transition to tambora Fruhst. (77 d), in which the fore¬ 
wing always remains uniformly yellow-brown. The white area of the hindwing is likewise less extended 
than in coriacea and chionippe. Sumbawa, Lombok. On the latter I observed tambora in May exclusively 
at the edges of the open woods at the sea-coast and indeed quite near to the sea. A few kilometers in- 
hegesippus. land it seems to disappear. — hegesippus Boh., judging by the single before me, is larger than tambora 
and the white on the hindwing confined to the cell and small patches beyond it. Island of Bonerate, 
litoralis. between Flores and Celebes. — litoralis Doh. is a small race with more rounded wings than tambora and 
fuliginosa. the disc of the hindwing more extended and purer white. Sumba. Apparently very common. -— fuli- 
ginosa Hag. is a very variable form from Bawean with very broad white oblique band on the forewing and 
with the hindwing predominantly yellow-brown instead of black. The disc of the hindwing is sometimes 
only marked with indistinct white patches, so that the wing may be described as red-yellow with small 
white spots, in many 011 the contrary the white area suppresses the ground-colour except for a few 
astakos. streaks. An aberration apparently allied to vorkeinus has been described as f. astakos Fruhst. The white 
subapical oblique band of the forewing, as in melanippus pietersi Doh. from Engano, is powdered over with 
violet, the discal white spots of the hindwing are wanting above and beneath also are only slightly in¬ 
dicated. The wings are elongated and the colouring of the upper surface so much recalls melanippus Cr. 
from Java that one might think it to be a cross between this species and affinis fuliginosa, which is, however, 
kawiensis. naturally precluded by the fact that melanippus apparently does nor occur on Bawean. — kawiensis Fruhst. 
is a small aberration of fuliginosa, it is said to come from the volcano Ixawie in eastern Java, but I 
doubt its locality, as all the allies of affinis frequent the coast. The type is smaller than fuliginosa, the 
cell of the forewing somewhat darker than in the race from Bawean, the hindwing bears only a row of 
vdiite dots and in the disc beneath the white is reduced to a few stripes round the cell. I once saw a 
similar example in the collection of an amateur in Batavia. — Finally, a further geographical form cer¬ 
tainly comes from Java, which indeed gives quite the impression of a distinct species and has been known 
artenice. since 1782, namely artetlice Cr., described from the neighbourhood of Batavia and Samarang. It is very 
local and apparently rare, for I have only seen a few examples, artenice is a small butterfly of only 
50 mm. expanse and with entirely yellow-brown ground-colour. The discal white on the hindwing 
