DANAIDA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
203 
be met with in immense numbers on Lombok, especially after the rainy season (April—May) in village 
gardens at about 600—700 m. above the sea, sometimes 5 or 6 specimens rest on a single flower and can 
be taken with the fingers. — paryadres sub.sp. nov. is the race from the Key and Timor-Laut Islands, paryadres. 
which agrees with ishmoid.es Moore from Celebes in the narrow, unusually long subapical streaks and 
pointed oblong patches in the disc of the forewing. — x\s singaria sub.sp. nov. we introduce the large race singaria. 
from Dammer, recalling liamata, which with its large light green patches has much in common with 
lirnniace and differs from liamata in the somewhat narrower subapical streaks and the smaller median spots. 
— nigra Mart, was rightly separated on account of its short, thickset, rounded wings and the almost nigra. 
entirely black under surface; it comes nearest to paryadres, but has the hyaline patches even less developed. 
Ceram. —- goana Mart, is a further noteworthy race, which far surpasses its allies from Java and the small rjouna. 
Sunda Islands in size and is distinguished by peculiar wing-contour, the typical Celebes curve of the costa, 
very dark ground-colour and large submarginal and marginal spots on the hindwing. Under surface of 
the forewing as in all the melissa- races a beautiful red-brown, goana is very rare, only 2 $<j> having been 
discovered in South Celebes, and is either dying out or is an immigrant from the south across the sea 
of Flores (Martin). — arikata subsp. nov. closely approximates to nigra, with which it has the rounded arikata. 
wings in common, but differs from it in the shorter, broader vitreous spots, and particularly in the $ 
in the lighter brown ground-colour. Sula Mangoli and Sula Besi. — liamata Me Leay, distributed in liamata. 
Australia from Sydney to Cape York and very common in Queensland, almost equals septentrionis in 
expanse, but approaches the races of Micromalayana in the rounded wings and large light bottle-green 
patches. The submarginal dots of the hindwing are smaller than in singaria from Dammer. In coll. 
Fruhstorfer liamata is also represented from Milne Bay and some of the islands off British New 
Guinea. From several preparations it appears that liamata has the shortest and at the same time the 
most sharply pointed process of the valve, which is scarcely half as long as in septentrionis and dravidarum, 
being also shorter than that of melissa from .Java. -— phrynichus subsp. nov. is a form from Collingwood plirynichus. 
Bay, in the northern part of British New Guinea, with lirnniace- pattern, probably belonging to the dry 
season, with the light greenish patches more than twice as broad as even singaria. The cell-streak of the 
forewing in particular is widened and the light markings are reproduced on the underside even more 
distinctly than above. The tip of the valve shows a retrogression to septentrionis and is exactly as long 
as in this, but somewhat thicker. — leucoptera Btlr., described from Dorey, but distributed over the whole leucoptera. 
northern area of Dutch and German New Guinea, differs from liamata in the darker green vitreous patches 
and in having the underside of the hindwing not yellowish or green-grey, but uniformly red-brown. The 
distal border of the hindwing above, particularly that of the begins to assume a pale blue colour, 
which sometimes even becomes grey-white. — gariata subsp. nov. is a darkened form, with the wings in gariata. 
the $$ entirely brown, showing very narrow grey-green vitreous patches. The under surface of both 
wings is darker throughout, uniformly black-brown, with rows of much reduced submarginal dots. New 
Mecklenburg, but probably also on other islands of the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomons. Examples 
from New Pomerania are smaller than U? of gariata from New Mecklenburg. — obscurata Btlr., described obscurata. 
from the Samoan Islands without more exact locality, is unknown to me in nature, perhaps it is a syno¬ 
nym of melittula H.-Schaff., as according to Moore both occur on Upolu (Samoan Islands). — melittula melittula. 
H.-Sclidff., judging from a figure of Semper, shows some affinity to the Philippine orientalis and bears 
like the latter narrow, but apparently yellowish white stripes on both Avings and is of small size, as the 
name already correctly indicates. Samoan Islands. — neptunia Fldr., from the Fiji Islands, has a very neptunia. 
broad brown area in the disc of the forewing. The roundish patch before the apex of the cell and the 
subbasal whitish cell-streak are absent, and the cell of the hindwing is entirely blackened or dark brown 
except for the white apex. —- angustata Moore is the race from the Tongatabu Islands and has even angustata. 
narrower white bands and more extended brown areas than neptunia. — claribella Btlr., described from a $ ularibella. 
which is said to come from the Fiji Islands, is a form allied to neptunia — and moderata Btlr., from Mate, moderatci. 
in the New Hebrides, which is intermediate between melittula and neptunia, completes the series of the 
Oceanian island races. 
D. gautama, an isolated species with Badena- like wing-pattern, differs both from melissa and from 
lirnniace in the two white cell-streaks of the forewing and in the black fork of the hind wing being so 
divided that there are 3 white longitudinal stripes in the cell. The ultracellular streaks of the hindwing 
are so long as to be confluent with the submarginal patches. By the red-brown tinge of the forewing 
beneath gautama recalls septentrionis and by the stripes of the hindwing limnicae, with which it has also in 
common the light yellow-green instead of brown flaps to the androconial pouch, gautama Moore is appa- gautama. 
rentlv common in the Mergui Archipelago, rare in the woods at the coast of Tenasserim and Burma. — 
gautamoides Doll, inhabits the Nicobars, where it is not rare and flies in company with Badena nicobarica, 
presenting a miniature edition of gautama Moore. 
D. ishmoides Moore (= australis Blanch.?) is another island species, likewise allied to melissa, but islimoides. 
distinct, which owes its name to its resemblance to Badena ishma Btlr. The whitish transverse streaks of 
