IDEOPSIS. By H. Fruhstorfer . 
215 
Along the coast the deep indentations of Huon Gulf, Collingwood Bay and Milne Bay appear to serve 
as barriers. — purpurata Btlr. is the local race from Waigeu, and is the furthest removed from typical purpurata, 
juventa and meganira. It surpasses even metaxa in the deep black margining of the wings and the large 
vitreous areas on both wings, and shows a strikingly broad black marginal area and only a thin cell- 
streak on the forewing. Median and basal areas of the hindwing almost pure white, particularly beneath 
without greenish tinge. Cell of the hindwing without any trace of a fork-marking. Submarginal patches 
very indistinct, purpurata might be claimed as a distinct species if it were not connected with the races 
of the main island by intergrades from the islands in Geelvink Bay. — tanais Fruhst., from Mefor, very tanais. 
nearly approaches it and is only distinguished as follows: the greenish white areas on the forewing are 
darker, somewhat smaller; the spot at the submedian is divided by a broad black line; the submarginal 
dots reach to the lower median and are stronger; the spot in the cell is smaller, as are also all the 
transcellular patches. The lowest patch, however, between the lower medians, is intermediate in size be¬ 
tween those of purpurata and georgina. The hindwing bears two fairly distinct rows of submarginal dots, 
as in georgina, whilst in purpurata-<$ only one row is visible. Under surface: all the discal spots smaller, 
darker and scaled with blackish brown. Submarginal dots much more distinct, larger and the rows more 
complete. — With sobrinoides Btlr. begin the most easterly races, which approximate closely to eugenia sobrinoides. 
and even meganira and show either no cell-streak at all on the forewing or only an obsolete one and the 
cell of the hindwing much darkened, sobrinoides differs from eugenia in the more yellowish white areas 
on both wings, without a trace of greenish. Common on New Pomerania and New Lauenburg. — ribbei ribbei. 
Fruhst. inhabits New Mecklenburg. considerably smaller than sobrinoides, the white markings reduced 
and the black-brown ground-colour consequently more extended. The submarginal rows of dots on both 
wings more obsolete, the cell of the forewing without the least trace of a white stripe and the cell of 
the hindwing begins to be much darkened in the upper part, as brown scales from the costal margin 
extend to the lower branch of the cell-fork. On the forewing the white spots at both sides of the sub- 
median and also the patches placed beyond them are much narrowed, proximally pointed. On the under 
surface the wings are even more darkened than above, particularly the cell of the forewing. — man- mangalia. 
galia Fruhst. In the Badena from the Shortlands Islands the white cell-streak of the forewing is con¬ 
nected with the white cell-spot and is not divided as in tanais from Mefor. Moreover, in the Shortlands <$ the 
submarginal streaks are narrower and more curved and are divided by four of the much more broadly 
black veins. The anal fold is quite plain yellowish and not striped with black as in purpurata. In addition 
to the very noticeable absence of the black stripe in the anal fold of the hindwing mangalia further differs 
from purpurata in the complete submarginal row of white dots and in having the hyaline spots reduced 
as in tanais. From tanais, to which it is very similar, mangalia may easily be distinguished by having 
the patches on the hindwing further removed from the cell, and also narrower and more rounded. Short¬ 
lands Islands, Solomon Archipelago. — zanira Fruhst., from Bougainville, scarcely resembles purpurata and zanira, 
mangalia, but leans more towards sobrinoides Btlr. from New Ireland. From this zanira is easily distin¬ 
guished by larger size and the much darkened markings. All the white spots are reduced with the ex¬ 
ception of the submarginal dots of the hindwing, which are more distinctly developed, zanira forms a 
connecting link between turneri and sobrinoides, being somewhat lighter than turneri, but darker than 
sobrinoides. The streaks at the submedian of the forewing are likewise intermediate between the tv T o 
races, as also the circumcellular spots of the hindwing. The under surface of the wings is very character¬ 
istic, bearing extremely prominent, pure white spots and dots, while in both the allied races these are 
more grey and green-white and quite distinctive. Bougainville, Solomons. Very common. — At the first 
glance it may appear rash to unite under one species the almost scaleless and diaphanous Javan juventa 
with the almost entirely black turneri or sobrina, but even under the microscope it was not possible to 
establish the very slightest difference in the sexual organs between the widely separated geographical 
races. Hence it may be unhesitatingly concluded that juventa must be regarded as the lightest and most 
easterly form, the Celebes and Molucca races as connecting links and those from Papua as the most 
extreme melanotic offshoots of a single species. The eastern representatives of juventa are slightly scaled 
and hence very transparent, whilst the Papuan races with almost the entire surface of the wings covered 
with black scales are scarcely transparent at all. 
2. Genus: I<leoj>sis Horsf. & Moore. 
This genus was formerly regarded as an intermediate form between Danaida and Hestia, as with 
its vitreous wings and general scheme of markings it presents to some extent the aspect of a miniature Hestia. 
But the clubbed antennae and particularly the genitalia distinguish it from Hestia, as also its generally 
very striking sexual dimorphism. In neuration the species approximate to the Badena- group of Danaida, having 
like these the first subcostal vein of the joining with the costal — and also the arrangement 
of the modified scales along the submedian of the hindwing is the same. The androconia are arranged 
in undulate lines and are most widened in vitrea — whilst in iza they r stand out most striking!}' as deep 
