HESTIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
221 
especially in February—March, and occurs from the woods at the sea-coast up to about 500—600 m. - 
Finally, liypata subsp. nov. is a race of unusually small size, with the forewing strikingly narrowed and hypala. 
the black spots on both wings even less developed than in alceste. Sulu Islands, to the north of Borneo. 
On Palawan and also on the Micromalayan chain of islands beginning with Bawean and Bali no Hestia 
occurs, but whilst the genus I deop sis extends to Palawan, it reaches its extreme limit on Java. 
Group Nectaria. 
H. hypermnestra is proved to belong to Nectaria by the rounded instead of elongate bag-shaped 
forewing and by the second subcostal vein arising far before the apex of the cell, and is a decidedly 
Macromalayan species. With the exception of Borneo, where it not only occurs in 2 local laces but is 
also subject to the same colour-modifications as Hestia lynceus, it is very constant and scarcely varies in 
size and in the scheme of markings. — hera Fruhst. (74 c) is the Sumatran local form, occurring very hera. 
sparingly in Deli Sultanate, but apparently not very rare in western Sumatra in the neighbourhood of 
Padang Pandjang (the so-called Bovenlanden). hera approaches linteata Btlr., from Perak and Penang, but linteala. 
is apparently larger on an average, with the black patches enlarged and broader black stripes round the 
cell and along the veins, especially in the $$, in which the cell-spot of the forewing is almost twice as 
large as in linteata-linteata has been recently discovered in South Tenasserim also. — belia Wesho. belia. 
is a very rare race from Java, where in my experience it apparently only occurs in the neighbourhood of 
Palabuan Bay in the west of the island. In the course of many ye'ars I have only been able to obtain 
one pair, distinguished from hera by the more strongly expressed black spots on both wings and the spe¬ 
cially thick black stripes on the radials of the forewing, while the $ has the ground-colour yellowish 
instead of pure white. —■ vollenhoveni Fruhst., with the somewhat uncertain locality ,,Java“, is known collenhoveni. 
from a figure of Snellen van Vollenhoven’s, which is noticeable for the smaller submarginal 
patches of both wings, the larger cell-spots and the darkened distal parts of the forewing. — hypermnestra ,Hi ' 
Westw., the race from southern and south-eastern Borneo and the Natuna Islands, occurs in 2 principal 
forms, which might be taken for separate species, but are connected by transitions, belina Fruhst. is the bclina. 
commoner, with both wings pure white above and beneath and hence very similar to hera, but with much 
smaller black wedge-spots and submarginal patches, hypermnestra, which might be taken for a rainy- 
season form, but which apparently occurs at the same time as belina, is as darkly scaled with smoke- 
brown as fumata, only the basal part, the upper end of the cell and the marginal area of the forewing 
have retained the original vitreous colour, producing a sharp contrast. The darkening, however, does not 
extend to the under surface, which is only somewhat more yellowish than in belina. It appears that only 
the $$ show a tendency to the hypermnestra- colouring, and this also applies to arbela subsp. nov., the arbela. 
geographical form of northern Borneo, which may be at once recognized by having the black patches on 
both wings more than twice as broad. £ white as in belina-<$, but with appreciable blue-grey sheen, 
$ more uniform, i. e. also tinged with smoke-brown in the distal parts of the wings. Abdomen more 
extended black on the dorsum than in belina. Kina Balu, apparently very rare. 
All the forms of hypermnestra differ from the lynceus-logani group in having two isolated black 
rounded patches in the costal area of the hindwing and in the absence of the black streak at the sub¬ 
costal vein. 
H. leuconoe must be regarded as the most variable and widely distributed species of the genus. 
It has in common with hera the absence of the black streak at the subcostal and the two isolated black 
patches in the costal area of the hindwing, but differs from it in the still more rounded wings and the 
confluent submarginal patches of the hindwing, in which the harpoon-pattern of the lynceus-hera group 
disappears. The Philippines must be considered as the centre of distribution of leuconoe, whence it has 
reached the Sangir and Talaut islands in the south of the archipelago, singularly without extending to 
Celebes. Northwards it has reached the central Loo Choo Islands and entered northern Borneo (Sandakan) 
by way of Palawan. Along the western satellite-islands of Borneo it has crossed over to the Malay Penin¬ 
sula, being known from Billiton and Banka, and having recently been discovered also on Engano and the 
Batu Islands. — riukiuensis Holl., a characteristic butterfly of the Loo Choo Islands, represented in every riukiuensis. 
consignment received thence. It is a summer species, flying principally in the second half of July and the 
first half of August. At the end of March and the end of August only worn specimens are met with. 
It is very variable and bears of all known races the smallest and at the same time the most rounded 
submarginal spots on the hindwing. In the the patches between the radials of the hindwing are also 
isolated, but in the $$ they are confluent. on the upperside of both wings tinged with intensive 
dark yellow, also the under surface, especially that of the hindwing, yellowish. -— nipponica Fruhst. (74 a) nipponica. 
is a seasonal form or island race of uncertain locality, in which the yellow tinge does not extend beyond 
the cell of the forewing and the hindwing remains pure white on both sides. — Clara Btlr. inhabits For- clam. 
