000 
HESTIA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
missilia. 
solyma. 
leuconoe. 
obscura. 
samara. 
moira. 
princesa. 
esanga. 
godmani. 
nigriana. 
chersonesia. 
natunensis. 
j a oana. 
mosa. For decades only the type in the British Museum was known, but my collector recently discovered 
it near the south-eastern point of the island, at Taihanroku, in large numbers. It flies there from March 
to August and is very variable in pattern and colouring. No two specimens are alike and I have before 
me with the upper surface almost entirely white together with others in which it is almost entirely 
yellow. Frequently also only the forewing is yellow, the hindwing white. The submarginal spots of the 
forewing form in the BS a continuous band, so that in general the increase of all the black markings may 
be regarded as a characteristic of clara in distinction from the Loo Choo races. - —- missilia subsp. nov., 
essentially larger than nipponica and with the same tendency to albinotic colouring, but with the sub¬ 
marginal bands of the forewing widened as in clara and characterized by a subanal transverse band on the 
hindwing, which extends from the upper median vein nearly to the submedian. Loo Choo Islands, more 
exact locality unknown. -—- solyma subsp. nov., from C'amiguin de Luzon, is the hitherto unnoticed race 
figured by Semper as clara, which differs from all the other forms in three black intramedian bands 
about 1 cm. broad, placed obliquely above one another. Both wings are white, only the base slightly 
tinged with yellowish, and the submarginal markings of the hindwing, which is otherwise spotted as in 
nipponica, very narrow. — leuconoe Eschsch., the name-type from Luzon, is best compared with esanga 
(74 a), from which it differs on the forewing in the less developed black median bands, but more extended 
subapical spots and hence narrower white distal area. The hindwing shows insignificant black markings. 
The $ is only distinguished from the <$ by more rounded wings and somewhat larger spot in the middle 
of the cell on the hindwing. According to Semper leuconoe flies all the year round, and examples 
exactly analogous to the name-type are only met with in southern and central Luzon, whilst at the east 
coast and in North-West Luzon appear already transitions to solyma, which in its turn leads over to clara 
from Formosa and riukiuensis from Loo Choo. — As a rule leuconoe from the southern Philippines are very 
dark and on this account the race from South-East Mindanao has received the name obscura Stgr. In 
these the yellow shade which in leuconoe extends as far as in clara Btlr. is restricted to the basal region 
of the Screwing, the white zigzag area of the marginal part of the forewing is suppressed by broadly 
diffuse black-brown subapical wedge-spots, the cell and all the veins are densely covered with black, the 
upper surface of the wings in the moreover powdered over with blackish. — samara subsp. nov. is a 
race in which the melanotic colouring has its maximum development, the yellow tinge completely dis¬ 
appears and the vitreous patches are still more reduced than in obscura. Island of Samar. -— moira subsp. 
nov. on the other hand is a form which like those that Semper mentions from the island of Siargao 
again approaches leuconoe from Luzon, even recalling solyma in having the intramedian patches of the 
forewing in part isolated, in part only slightly connected by fine streaks. But moira differs both from 
solyma and leuconoe in the broader subterminal black bordering of both wings, and the $$ decidedly 
approach obscura in the broad-margined veins and large, long, pointed wedge-spots of the hindwing. Island 
of Bazilan to the south of Mindanao. — princesa Stgr. is a very large form with much abbreviated cell- 
spot on the forewing and large, mostly isolated wedge-spots on the hindwing. Palawan. -— esanga Frulist. 
(74 a), with strikingly light ground-colour, is characterized by very large black median spots on the fore¬ 
wing and large round cell-patches on the hindwing. The yellow tinge is not very pronounced and the 
underside of the hindwing differs from all known forms in the large rounded spots in and below the cell. 
The white marginal area of the forewing extended as in clara by the reduction of the subapical row of 
spots. Talaut Islands. — godmani Oberth., from Sangir, is a very large, strikingly light race with small 
black spots. — nigriana Sm., described from a pair from the Sulu Island Ta^fganac off the north coast 
of Borneo, differs from leuconoe in the more rounded wings; the distal third of the wing is darker, the 
marginal and submarginal whitish patches and irregular areas begin to disappear, hindwing intersected by- 
darker brown veins. I suspect that examples from Sandakan (North Borneo) belong to nigriana Smith, 
they are distinguished principally by the narrowed, elongate-oval subapical streaks and almost entirely 
black apex of the forewing and hence differ essentially from chersonesia Frulist., which is noticeable for an 
especially broad white submarginal area, equally developed on both wings. Also the black dentate bands 
are quite uniform, the subapical wedges not being placed so near to the distal margin as in nigriana and 
leuconoe. Malay Peninsula, Lingga Archipelago, Banka, probably also Billiton. — But whilst chersonesia 
shows a deep yellow tinge, in natunensis Snell, this disappears completely from the basal half of the fore¬ 
wing and the ground-colour is lighter than in leuconoe, according to its author. Natuna Islands, unknown 
to me in nature. — javana Frulist. is about intermediate between chersonesia and nigriana and bears very 
large black subapical streaks on the forewing, which restrict the white sub marginal area, though still 
leaving it more room than in nigriana. Hindwing with small black cell-spot and very distinct dentate 
band. The round spot between the middle and lower median of the forewing is absent (perhaps only an 
individual variation, but very noticeable as it is present in all my many leuconoe). North-West Java, type 
in coll. Pag-enstecher, Wiesbaden. The form has only once been found, and one might be tempted 
to question the locality, if javana were not actually different from all the allied races. However, this 
Hestia may formerly have been more common on Java, but through the constant increase of population 
and consequent inevitable destruction of the forests for the purpose of cultivating rice, sugar-cane and 
