EUPLOEA. By 71. Fruhstorfer. 
235 
ave dark brown above, lighter towards the margin, and with obsolescent submarginal band on die forewing. 
— resarta Btlr., first brought to Europe from Pt. Moresby, in my collection from Milne Pay, differs from resarta. 
turbonia in the essentially narrowed white wedge-spots of the forewing and the shorter proximal submarginal 
patches of the hindwing, which are consequently not united with the subterminal dots. 
E. funerea Btlr. is a very distinct species, which varies in the increase or suppression of the white funerea. 
bands of both wings. Dark black-brown, costal and distal margin olive-brown with slight bronze sheen. Both 
wings traversed by a grey-white band broken up by the veins into separate spots, which is angled on the 
forewing and in the ? twice as broad as in the cf. Beyond this band a row of submarginal dots, which are 
placed in pairs. Beneath with a blue spot in the cell of both wings, this spot on the forewing is surrounded 
by 3—4 and on the hindwing by 5 spots placed in an elbowed row. Pt. Moresby, British New Guinea. — 
squalida Btlr. Smaller, paler, the white spots smaller and hence more isolated, of darker cream-colour, squalida. 
Submarginal dots on the forewing absent and on the hindwing indistinct. Merely a form of the preceding, 
from the same locality; in the British Museum and in coll. Ffruhstorfer. 
E. helcita is the oldest name for a small group of Euploeas which inhabit the Oceanian islands and 
of which we only know a small number. Most of them present a faithful copy of convergent species, such 
as eleutho (84 d) and sclvmeltzi, and hence they are nearly always mixed with them in collections, although 
they differ considerably in the absence of the silky sexual stripe on the forewing. They are probably not 
rare in certain places, but for nearly 20 years scarcely an example has been brought to Europe from their 
remote islands, which is much to be regretted, as many new forms still await discovery. — helcita Bdv., from helcita. 
New Caledonia, seems to approximate very nearly to the figured aglaina. Size of eleutho from Guam, upper 
surface brown-black, apex with 4—5 small white dots. Hindwing with a row and a half of very small dots. 
Under surface of the hindwing with a concave row of 7—8 violet spots, one of which is in the cell. Fore¬ 
wing with 5—6 dots, one of which is before the apex of the cell. — aglaina subsp. nov. (86 a) differs in having aglaina. 
two further white median spots on the forewing and more complete rows of submarginal dots on the hindwing 
beneath. Tutuila, Samoa Islands. — perryi Btlr. Forewing with a large white oblong spot beyond the cell perryi. 
between the upper and middle medians and a row of 6—7 subapical and submarginal dots, as well as a 
costal dot at the point of origin of the first subcostal of the forewing. Hindwing with the usual 2 rows .of 
small white dots. Savage or Niue Island. — eschscholtzi Flclr. is the race most strongly and conspicuously eschscholtzi 
white-spotted, having a large quadrate patch beyond the cell of the forewing, an oblong rectangular spot 
between the medians, a distinct costal spot and 4 irregular ones. The double row of white dots on the 
hindwing composed of elongate, narrow speckles. Fiji Islands. — distincta Btlr. resembles the preceding, distincta. 
except that the white quadrate patches beyond the cell of the forewing are deeply incised distally, and the 
dots of the hindwing much reduced. Ellice Islands. — intermedia Moore is intermediate between perryi and intermedia 
distincta. Forewing with even more reduced white spots, but hindwing with a submarginal row of larger 
patches. Raratonga Island, indistincta Moore appears to be only an aberration of this, almost entirely without indistincla. 
spots. Described from the same locality as the preceding. 
Subgroup b. With glossy, silky, mostly distinct sexuahQ tripe on the forewing. Crastia Hbn. (1816), Chanapa, Andasena, 
Deragepa, Bibisana, Betanga, Penoa, Mahintha, Karadira, Pamasa, Tagata, Pramesta, Rausuma, Chirosa, Mestapra Moore (1883). 
E. core Or. inhabits the whole of India south of the Himalayas and in general resembles the figure core. 
of suluana (84 d), but bears a shorter and narrower scent-stripe. The butterflies are found even in gardens 
ta Calcutta, where they flutter sluggishly from flower to flower; they are also fond of congregating in large 
numbers and have been observed in the harbour of Bombay crossing over the sea from one island to another, 
and it would be interesting to learn whether they are able to recognize or to scent out the land from a 
distance or whether they boldly follow their wandering instinct without any plan. - Three species of Apocvnaceae 
and three species of Ficus are already known as food-plants of the larva. Larva always singly, sluggish, 
like all the other Euploeid larvae on the underside of the leaves; ground-colour yellowish with a lateral 
red-brown ventral stripe and some red-brown dorsal rings on each segment. Four fleshy, sometimes rolled-up 
reddish tentacles. Pupa short, thick with the abdomen swollen, on the first day yellowish, on the second 
with slight gold or silver gloss, a few days later emerald-green with brilliant metallic gloss on the head. 
Before emergence the colour changes into a purple-black, with a white band at each side. Pupal stage 6 — 9 
days, probably according to the humidity of the air. The butterflies are fond of resting on wet places in the 
road and are commonest at Calcutta in the cold months, October to March. — vermiculata Btlr. is a larger vermiculata. 
form and ornamented with broader white bands than core from the plains. Originally described from the 
north-western Himalayas, but extending to Sikkim and Assam, sometimes reaching elevations of 2000 m. — 
asela Moore is a typical island race with the white patches darkened and on the forewing even gradually asela 
suppressed and the ground-colour lighter brown. — Larva adorned with narrow white and purple rings and 
with red and black spots: on the Indian oleander. Pupa golden yellow, with brown stripes and bands. One 
