236 
EUPLOEA. By If. Fruhstorfer. 
of the commonest butterflies of Ceylon, occurring from the plains up to 6000 ft. and especially in November- 
December gathering together in large migratory swarms, which, however, never leave the island, not emi¬ 
grating to the adjacent mainland. I observed them myself at the beginning of the monsoon (end of May) 
graminifera. up to many thousands in neglected village gardens at altitudes of about 600 m. — As graminifera Moore 
has described a further race from the Malay Peninsula, unknown to me in nature, with smaller and more 
sharply defined white patches on the hindwing. 
distanti. E. distanti Moore (8 1 c) appears to replace core on Sumatra and is regarded as the commonest of the 
brown Enploeas on this island; it prefers the neighbourhood of the sea and never ascends even to slight 
elevations. The ground-colour varies from light to dark brown, the extent of the white spots of the hindwing 
is also inconstant. Malay examples appear to bear smaller submarginal dots on the hindwing. Judging from 
specimens in my collection the sexual streaks in the c?cd are occasionally wanting, but sometimes they are 
larger than the normal. The ? bears always in addition one or two white dots beyond the cell of the fore- 
circuita. wing. — circuita Swinh., described from examples found by me in Further India, is a local form with the 
white patches on the forewing reduced by more than half, and in consequence widely separated. On the 
other hand the submarginal patches of the hindwing show a tendency to become broader. Under surface as 
in distanti with large violet spot before the diseocellular and a large, pointed-oval white intramedian patch. 
Tonkin, Cochinchina. 
godarti E. godarti Luc. (= siamensis Fldr.) (81 d) is one of the most variable Euploeids of South Asia and 
it is only to be regretted that Felder’s name must sink, for godarti is one of the characteristic butterflies of 
Siam and to be met with in all parts of the country in countless profusion. 1 found the species also in 
Tonkin, and even on the storm-beaten sea-coast of South Annam and on the island of Kosi-Chang in the 
Gulf of Siam. Bingham sent me godarti also from Tenasserim and Burma, where it is nowhere rare from 
February to July and extends also across Tavoy on the Mergui Archipelago. Examples occur in which the 
dominans. white patches on the forewing are as broad again as on the figure (dominans form, nov.), and further both cTcf 
recussa. and ?? with the apical area of the forewing light white-grey instead of more or less light blue-violet (recussa 
layardi form, nov.) — Those individuals which show no violet or grey-white apical tinge pass as layardi Druce 
(= binghami Moore, subdita Moore). This form extends from Tenasserin to Tonkin and is not at all rare in 
tonkinensis. Siam. — tonkinensis Swinh. is the name given to an aberration corresponding to layardi, from examples found 
by me in Siam, in which even the white costal and subapical dots of the forewing are suppressed. — Finally, 
defigurata. defigurata form. nov. is the rarest of all the varieties, without a trace of the rows of submarginal dots on 
both sides of the hindwing, and with even the small subterminal spots on the underside of the forewing 
prunosa. wanting. Upper Burma; type in my collection. — prunosa Moore appears to be a local race of godarti without 
violet tinge in the apical part of the forewing and without white submarginal dots on the hindwing above. 
The marginal area of both wings paler than the basal half, the sexual stripe very small. Only one example 
known, type from South China in coll. Oberthur. 
orontobates. E. orontobates spec. nov. forms a transition from godarti to modesta Btlr. and camaralzeman, having 
the same shape and the large size as the latter, but the wonderful blue reflection is absent, orontobates differs 
from godarti in the extremely small, scarcely recognizable sexual stripe on the forewing, but a light mouse- 
grey scent-spot on the hind wing above, which also extends to the anterior third of the cell, submarginal 
patches of the hindwing as large and pure white as in camaralzeman and at once distinguishable from the 
yellowish grey ones of godarti. Under surface deeper black-brown than in godarti. Chentabun, East Siam; 
only 1 d* taken by me in January. 
scherzeri. E. scherzeri Fldr. is the older name for the species which passes in English museums and collections 
under the name camorta Moore. Wing-contour as in godarti, but somewhat more rounded. Ground-colour 
dark sepia-brown, distally somewhat paler. Upper surface mostly without a trace of white patches, only rarely 
with one or two discal and costal dots. Under surface somewhat paler than upper, a long yellowish white 
streak between submedian and lower median, a large cell-spot, costal and two discal spots whitish violet, 
hindwing with cell-patch and five transcellular patches. ? commonly with broad, nearly whitish brown bordering 
to both wings. On all the Nicobar Islands. 
andaman- 
ensis. 
E. andamanensis Atkins, is the only known Euploea in which the ground-colour is light grey, becoming 
somewhat darker distally. Markings as in distanti, but the cdcd also bear a large white spot before the apex 
of the cell on the forewing and two discal patches, the ? having three. Forewing with two widely separated 
rows of white submarginal spots of about equal size. Under surface lighter than above with slight yellow 
sheen. From March to August at Port Blair, Andamans. 
