EUPLOEA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
251 
than in the preceeding forms, the colour of the markings the same except for the dot placed between the 1st 
and 2nd median veins, which is reddish. $: upper surface with strong blue reflection on the distal half of 
the forewing; very constant and varying but little in the size of the white spots; on the forewing the light 
streaks in the cell next to the base and at the inner margin only slightly indicated, really only showing 
through from the under surface, which in addition to the absence of the blue reflection only differs from the 
upperside in the presence of the whitish streaks just mentioned. — seraphita Fruhst. (81 d) has shorter and seruphita. 
more rounded wings than mindanaensis and stronger rows of blue dots on the forewing and hence somewhat 
recalls gelderi Snell. Hindwing above darker than in Mindanao c?d\ On the under surface of the wings all 
the patches and streaks are enlarged and purer blue. Hindwing further with a cellular and several circum- 
cellular strigae. ? with more extended and more intensive white markings and in the cell of the forewing 
a broad basal stripe, which is wanting in mindanaensis. Bazilan, February, March, discovered by W. 
Doherty. — megilla F. (81 d, cf, 85 e ?) is so far removed from the mulciber- type that one would be tempted megilla. 
to regard it as a species if it were not connected with mulciber and paupera by transitional forms such as 
kochi Setup. As the larva also, according to Semper, only shows unessential differences from the continental 
Indo-Malayan collective species, megilla is united with mulciber in spite of the different colouring and 
markings. The cf is easily distinguished from the other species of Trepsichrois by the large white spot at 
the apex of the forewing, which as a rule consists of two large and four small spots, of which, however, 
the latter are frequently suppressed. On the upper surface there are in addition sometimes bluish marginal 
spots, the distal ones being small and the proximal ones very few in number and somewhat larger, for the 
rest tbe forewing is unicolorous with brilliant steel-blue reflection. The anterior half of the hindwing is 
occupied by the grey-black furry hairs peculiar to this genus, bounded basally in the cell by the characteristic 
small gold-brown spot. The proximal half of the hindwing, together with a narrow distal margin reaching 
to the 1st subcostal vein, is unicolorous and iridescent like the forewing. The under surface is unicolorous 
brown as in all the species of this genus, in addition to the large white patch at the apex of the forewing, 
which is always divided into six spots, there is mostly at the distal margin of both wings a row of small 
blue dots as well as sometimes 1—3 similar dots before the cell of the forewing. A somewhat larger 
reddish spot at the median nervure between its 1st and 2nd bands is always present and also the grey furry 
dusting at the inner angle of the forewing, likewise basally bounded by a small yellow-brown spot. The 
under surface of the ? is lighter brown than the upper and without iridescence. The larva eats white and 
red oleander flowers; it has two horns each on the segments before and behind the four pairs of forelegs 
and two each on the 2nd and 3rd thoracic segments, it is transversely striped with black and white, but 
this black colour, as also that of the similarly coloured tentacles, more inclines to reddish. The pupa is 
entirely golden, like a polished gold plate, the wing-cases with a somewhat silvery sheen. The pupal 
stage lasts 10 days in July. Luzon. — kochi Moore, cf, upper surface: this race from the western Visayas kochi. 
differs from the other Philippine mulciber- races in having seven bluish spots on the middle of the forewing, 
besides the two very large and distinctly expressed rows of bluish spots at the distal margin. The brilliant 
blue reflection is extended over the whole of the forewing as well as over the part of the hindwing placed 
next to the furry patch, where, however, it is weaker than on the forewing. On the under surface there are 
further some blue dots at the costal margin and in the cell of the forewing and the distal-marginal dots are 
more sharply expressed than in visaya, with which the underside otherwise exactly agrees. Of the blue 
streaks placed round the cell of the hindwing in mulciber only in one example of kochi a slight indication 
is present, but in accordance with the geographical position this form is nearest to portia Fruhst. from Borneo. 
E. semperi is divided into two geographical races. In semperi Fldr. (= tisiphone Btlr.) (85 e), from semperi. 
Mindoro, the cd is easily distinguished on the upper surface from the other species of this genus by the 
absence of the blue reflection, of which only a slight dark violet tinge is present on the proximal half of 
both wings. The four to five violet-white dots at the apex of the forewing are occasionally suppressed 
except for one placed 6 mm. before the distal margin between the last subcostal and the discoidal veins. 
Under surface: occasionally there is a small bluish white dot in the cell of the forewing, semperi differs 
from megilla from Luzon in the absence of the large white spot at the apex of the forewing, from the 
forms from the Visayas and Mindanao in the bluish white dots. ?: upper surface distinguished from the 
races of the other Philippines by the entire absence of the blue reflection and also by having the proximal 
row of spots at the apex of the forewing removed somewhat further from the distal margin. The under 
surface is similar to the upper, but with somewhat lighter ground-colour. — visaya Semp. a 71 , upper surface: visaya. 
the violet-blue reflection is only present on the distal half of the forewing, whilst the proximal part of the 
hindwing, which is not occupied by the furry brown spot, is light brown. Hence this subspecies, which 
only flies on the eastern Visayas, differs from the very nearly allied semperi from Mindoro in having the 
blue reflection on just that part of the upper surface from which it is absent in semperi , and vice versa. 
The light blue distal and proximal rows of spots at the distal margin are very variable, varying from twelve 
distal and seven proximal dots to almost complete absence. The under surface is distinguished from that 
of the preceding species by having the dots in the middle of the wings and at the distal margin blue and 
