252 
EUPLOEA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
the proximal row placed nearer to the distal margin at the apex of the forewing; as on the upper surface 
the number of dots is very variable. The ground-colour is uniform brown, as in semperi Fldr. and kochi 
Semp. ?, upper surface: on the distal half of the hindwing there is a very slight blue reflection; the 
proximal row of distal-marginal dots is placed nearer to the margin than in semperi. The size of the white 
spots on the middle of the wings, as well as the size and number of the marginal dots, is very variable; 
some spots occasionally tinged with blackish. On the hindwing the light markings are always tinged with 
blackish. The under surface is without blue reflection and has the ground-colour somewhat lighter. Cebu, 
Bohol, Camotes, Samar, Leyte, Panaon. 
The range of E. gelderi begins in Micromalayana, where the continental mulciber reaches its eastern 
limit in Bali with basilissa Cr. This, species is everywhere rare and inhabits Flores, Sumbawa, Lombok and 
some satellites of the two first-named main islands, and flies at elevations of about 5—800 m. above the 
sea. The cfcd with brilliant yellow scent-pencils, which emit a very strong smell somewhat recalling migno- 
gelderi. nett.e. Four insular branch-races: gelderi Snell. (85 e cf), described from Flores; ? larger than the cT figured, 
dongo. with the yellowish white patches and bands of both wings more than twice as broad. — dongo Dob., des¬ 
cribed from Sumbawa, scarcely differs in the cd from the preceding; ¥ above with no trace of a blue tinge, 
with a pale basal streak in the cell of the forewing and a rounded spot before its apex. Under surface 
phoebadis. with all the strigae white and sharply defined. Very scarce in the mountains of Sumbawa. — phoebadis 
subsp. nov. is a smaller and darker race from Lombok, chiefly characterized by the melanotic ?, which was 
erroneously figured 8a e as gelderi -¥. As may be seen from the figure, all the white bands are reduced in 
extent, the cell-streak of the forewing is almost entirely suppressed and the stripes of the hindwing are 
covered with brownish. Bare on Lombok, always at the edges of woods and singly on flowering underwood. 
elwesi. - elwesi Dob., of which only ?? are as yet known, was discovered in the interior of Sumba at an elevation 
of about 1000 m. ? above brown, cell of the lorewing as in dongo, otherwise the markings arranged as in 
Radena oberthueri Dob. Not known to me in nature. According to Doherty it is entitled to specific rank. 
euctemon. E. euctemon Hew. is the most sharply defined species of the group Trepsicbrois and distinguished 
from all the other species by a yellow scent-area more than three times as broad and the absence of grey 
or black patches of androconia on the hindwing. It is at the same time the only species in which the cfcf 
(85 a) are adorned with blue submarginal patches on the hindwing, and in the entirely different ? (81 d), 
which much more resembles a Danaicl (NasumaJ, Trepsicbrois reaches in euctemon the maximum of sexual 
dimorphism. Thus it came about that the learned Felder described the ? as a new species under the name of 
configurata , and Moore even based two genera on the two sexes (Bibisana and Glinamd). The species is 
rare in Celebes; 1 myself took both sexes in the heaviest rainy season, January, in the hinterland of 
Macassar. Typical ¥¥ from Tondano in the Minahassa are somewhat smaller and more broadly suffused with 
brownish than South Celeban examples. 
Group Euploea F. 1807. 
Larva only known of two species, of which the western one bears 3 pairs of tentacles (corns), the eastern, judging 
from a figure, only 2, supposing that the figure is correct. Cell of the forewing without recurrent vein (Calliploea) or only 
v r ith rudiments of one (Euploea). The first subcostal vein sometimes coincident with the costal (Calliploea). Upper disco- 
cellular of the forewing present. Anal pencil yellowish. Hindwing with large scent-patch, but forewing without sexual spot. 
a. Subgroup Calliploea Btlr. 1875 (= Tabada Moore 1883). 
Small species with rounded forewing. Larva unknown,*) which is much to be regretted, as the separate species are 
very difficult to define, owing to their variability and the partially discontinuous distribution. Moreover on some islands of 
the Philippines and parts of Micromalayana the offshoots of two species seem to occur together, whilst the Macromalayan. 
Islands, including Celebes, are only inhabited by one species. The division of the species is here attempted exclusively from 
a geographical point of view and is consequently an arbitrary and provisional one, but with our present knowledge the only 
way out from the labyrinth of names. Valve scarcely different from that of the group Salpinx , very narrow, distally 
only slightly convex. 
E. mazares is the species of the group which has advanced furthest towards the west, representatives 
ledereri. of it inhabiting all the archipelagos from the Solomons to Sumatra and Formosa. — ledereri Fldr., somewhat 
larger even than mazarina (80 d), has the same anal brown patch in the submarginal area of the forewing 
as mazarina and differs from it in the relatively large light blue cell-spot anil circumcellular patches of the 
forewing. Common on the Malay Peninsula, it is occasionally met with in southern Tenasserim and the 
eunus. Mergui Archipelago as a great rarity. —- eunus Nicev. differs from mazarina in the uniformly light brown 
upper surface of the forewing, the lighter submarginal patches with violet instead of blue margins and the 
smaller transcellular spots of the forewing, which are arranged as in ledereri. The ¥? are unusually rare. 
According to Martin the form does not ascend above the lowest hills of North-East Sumatra, and is commonly 
*) See Appendix p. 272. 
