EUPLOEA. By H. Fruhstorfer 
253 
found in company with Danais hegesippus and Crastia distanti at river-banks and shows a decided partiality 
for the neighbourhood of the sea-coast. mazarina Fruhst. (80d) closely approaches mazares from Java and maxurina. 
differs from eunus in the absence of cellular patches and in the larger subapical spots of the forewing with 
purer white centres. West Sumatra. No representative forms are yet known from the satellite-islands of 
Sumatra. — mazares Moore, the name-type, from Java, is the commonest Euploea of the island at elevations mazares. 
of about 500 m. and both in the east and west occurs up to many thousands, especially in the rainy season 
from January to April at suitable places, neglected coffee-gardens and the edges, of woods and is particularly 
fond of herbs. West Javan specimens bear more extended spots on the forewing, proximally bordered with 
a beautiful light violet. The costal spot of the forewing is occasionally absent, otherwise the variation 
consists in the lesser or stronger development of the submarginal patches. In contrast to eunus ?? are by 
no means rare, mazares from Bali and Kangean are not known to me in nature. Incredible as it may 
appear, the island of Bawean, though only a few sea-miles distant from Java, just as it produces a distinct 
race of E. crameri , has also a mazares-va.ee of its own, baweana Fruhst. (83 d), recognizable by the very j haweana. 
broad (much larger than in the figure), predominantly white submarginal spots on the forewing, proximally 
margined with light blue, and by the darker, brighter and more uniform steel-blue reflection on both wings. 
Forewing beneath more prominently dotted with white than in mazares. — lombokiana Fruhst. has the darker lombokiana. 
ground-colour and the very strong blue-violet reflection of the upperside in common with haweana, whilst 
beneath the satellite-island character is revealed in the reduction of the white dotting. That is to say the 
admarginal dots are completely suppressed in most examples and the submarginal dots are not only fewer but 
also smaller. Moreover the white pupils on the upperside of the forewing are less noticeable on account of 
the uniform dark violet tinge of the submarginal patches. Lombok, where from April to June it is an 
ornament among all the wealth of flowers at about 600 m. and together with Danais melissa is among the 
visitors to the village gardens. — sambavana Doh., larger than lombokiana, nevertheless has essentially smaller sambavana. 
submarginal spots on the forewing, with diminutive white dots, and the spots on the under surface likewise 
insignificant. Doherty has already observed that in this form the first subcostal vein is occasionally coincident with 
the costal, as in Radena, Ideopsis and Hestia, a phenomenon which is also repeated in mazares. — philinna philinna. 
Fruhst., very near to sambavana , is somewhat inferior to it in size, but in spite of its smallness has larger 
light blue submarginal patches on the forewing. The marginal area of the hindwing lighter brown, the sub¬ 
marginal spots very large, forming a transition to wetterensis (83 d). Islands of Adonara, Pura and probably 
also Flores. — sumbana Doh., a strongly marked race, almost entitled to specific rank. Forewing as in sumbana. 
wetterensis (83d), but with more extended light violet proximal bordering, which is absent in ivetterensis. 
Hindwing without any white spots, under surface very striking, without a trace of admarginal dots, but with 
white subapical patches on the forewing united into a broad band and a submarginal row of 6—7 rounded 
punctiform spots on the hindwing. White markings of the ?? still more striking, recalling tulliolus F. from 
Australia. Sumba, not rare. — natunensis Fruhst. is a very small race, above dark with bright steel-blue sheen, natunensis. 
with light blue submarginal spots on the forewing, which are distinctly but only delicately dotted with white. 
Under surface dark chocolate-brown with a slight violet sheen and relatively large, round, light blue-violet 
discal spot on the forewing. Natuna Islands. — aristotelis Moore , described from Sandakan, but in my aristotelis. 
collection also from the neighbourhood of Labuan and the Sultanate of Brunei, is a larger form with intensive 
light blue reflection on both wings, and mostly very small white, blue-margined submarginal spots on the 
forewing. Only a few examples show a diffuse light blue bordering to the patches of the fore wing. — 
palawana Fruhst. approaches the preceding, but has the dull part of both wings more extended and hence palawana. 
the blue reflection restricted, and always reduced submarginal spots on the forewing, which as a rule can 
scarcely be called more than punctiform. Palawan, January. monilina Fruhst. on the other hand is a monilma. 
retrogression to the most copiously blue-spotted subspecies of the Sunda-Islands, the white spots are margined 
with broadly diffuse and more extended blue-violet. The under surface is, however, scarcely more strongly 
dotted with white than in palawana. February, March. Bazilan. — monilis Moore inhabits the northern monilis. 
Philippines. The extent of the white spotting reaches the maximum of its development in this race, even 
the hindwing as a rule bearing small white submarginal dots. Babuyanes, Negros, apparently flying all the 
year round and according to Semper somewhat liable to variation. 
E. koxinga Fruhst. (= klugi Mats. ?) (83 c), distinguished by considerable size, extraordinarily brilliant koxinga. 
blue reflection, large white submarginal patches on the forewing with light blue margins, which, moreover, 
are suffused with a restricted light reflection, which is reproduced in the figure. The under surface is 
characterized by a double row of distinct small white submarginal dots. Formosa, ascending form the plains 
to the spurs of the mountains and nowhere rare from March to July. 
E. mariesis Moore I have not seen in nature; according to the description it approximates to mazares, mariesis. 
but is darker coloured on both wings and has the submarginal spots twice as large and proximally bordered 
with blue. Hindwing with a row of small but distinct white dots, which are continued to the anal angle. 
From the Lu-shan, near Kiu-Kiang, Central China. Perhaps koxinga should be united with it as a subspecies. 
