258 
EUPLOEA. By IT. Fruhstorfer. 
hyacinthus. 
subcongrua. 
corns. 
phoehus. 
drucei. 
vitrina. 
hesiodus. 
statius. 
vhaeraiena. 
micronesia. 
pavettae- 
3 small spots, the rest of the hindwing is in one <f entirely without a trace of markings above, in some other cfcd 
small circumcellular hooks and patches are present. The ? also suggests a melanotic form of hyacinihus 
and mangolina and bears above only the white submarginal row of dots, a costal spot and a round median 
spot on the forewing, and on the hindwing only a small white helmet-shaped spot behind the cell. A second 
? presents a somewhat brighter appearance, having two small costal spots and three circumcellular dots. 
The principal character, however, consists in the wholly black cell on the under suface of the hindwing, which 
in mangolina is filled up with white to one-half. Sula Besi. — hyacinthus Btlr ., in contrast to the preceding, 
is the lightest extreme of the species, distinguished by the yellow scent-area of the hindwing, the very broad 
subapical band, and by the discal spot of the forewing filling up the whole centre of the wing, particularly 
in the ??. South Celebes, not very common, ascending to about 1000 m. — subcongrua Rob. (= hewitsoni 
Fldr. 1867), judging from Felder’s figure, is the somewhat less brightly coloured race of Northern Celebes, 
especially characterized by the blackish-dusted scent-area of the hindwing and the darker ground-colour; 
moreover, the cell of the hindwing beneath is grey-black to the middle instead of pure white as in hyacinthus. 
On the other hand the submarginal patches, particularly on the under surface, are more pronounced than in 
the southern race. Not rare at Toli-Toli, November-December, but occurring in Central Celebes (August) and 
distributed to the north point of the island. 
b. Subgroup Euploea F. (= Macroploea Btlr. 1878). 
Embracing the largest known species, forewing mostly pointed. 
E. corus (not. to be confused with E. core Cr .) is a Macromalayan species, which has spread west¬ 
wards to Ceylon and Burma, eastwards to north Celebes and Palawan and finds its eastern limit in the 
southern chain on Bali. Larva cylindrical, light brown with slight purple sheen and a paler suprastigmatal 
region. Head and legs dark brown, the segments with brownish stripes of the same colour. Three pairs of 
reddish tentacles with black tips. Pupa broad, thorax uneven, silvery grey with golden brown bands, abdominal 
segments dorsally convex, brown-spotted. Food-plant still unknown. The statements concerning its flight 
are contradictory; it seems to be different in different races, either heavy and sluggish or rapid. It is only 
certain that all the forms are very local, exclusively inhabit the alluvial plains and even there keep near 
the sea-shore. — corus F. (= elisa Btlr.) inhabits Ceylon, where it is said to be very common at Galle 
among cocoanut-pahn-trees. It occurs in June and July, and again in November and Dezember. I myself 
observed it at Colombo in 1 886 and according to Niceville it is fond of the shady jungle and on the wing 
may easily be mistaken for a bat. According to Moore corus is also met with in the mangrove swamps or 
else near the sea. corus is the smallest known race of the collective species; the spots of the upper surface 
on a light brown ground, arranged somewhat as in vitrina Fruhst. (79 a). — phoebus Btlr. (= eastelnaui 
Fldr.) approaches nikrion Fruhst. (80b), except that it has the subapical patches shorter and rounded instead 
of wedge-shaped and elongate, and bordered with grey-violet. Hindwing as in nikrion. Under surface with 
whitish, reduced subapical patches, but large grey-violet kernel-shaped distal spots. cT type from Moulmein, 
? from Penang, also occurring in certain parts of Tenasserim, in the Mergui Archipelago and Perak, and 
Singapore. An allied form was also once observed on the Nicobars. — Of drucei Moore, described from 
Chentabun in Siam and probably based on a dry-season form of phoebus, a single example only was taken 
by me in the temple gardens at the Mennam in Bangkok in January. Forewing with somewhat reduced 
whitish subapical spots, hindwing with a transcellular row of violet punctiform spots, which occur also on 
the underside. — vitrina Fruhst. (79a) is an extraordinarily local and apparently also very rare form, as 
neither Moore nor Bingham knew it. It is distinguished from all the allied species by the transparent pale 
violet anterior part of the forewing, which gradually becomes lighter from the middle of the cell on, nearly 
recalling E. browni Godm. in colouring. $ still paler than the figured cf; apical part of the forewing beneath 
almost white, only in the cell shading into a dull yellow-brown. Lower Burma, only one pair, in coll. 
Fruhstorfer. - hesiodus subsp. nov. is the race from Banka, where Dr. Hagen discovered it, and has still 
larger, lighter spots than nikrion (80 b). — statius subsp. nov. inhabits Sumatra, from whence it is only known 
to me from the north-east of the island, and differs from phoebus Btlr. chiefly in the darker brown-violet 
ground-colour, the richer violet reflection on the distal part of both wings and the more intensively violet- 
blue-powdered subapical and more strongly expressed admarginal patches of the forewing. — phaeratena 
Kheil is smaller, with shorter and more rounded forewing and particularly in the ? almost pure white 
subapical patches on the forewing, widened into bands. Nias, apparently not very rare. — micronesia Doh. 
bears no white spots at all on the forewing, but only indistinct grey-violet ones, and its author was quite 
right when he compared this Engano race with semicirculus Btlr. from the far distant North Moluccas; for 
on account of the small dots of both wings micronesia has indeed much more resemblance to the Batjan 
race than to those of the neighbouring islands, paradoxical as it may sound. The ground-colour is a dark 
blue-violet and the ? is black-brown, whilst statius from Sumatra has light brown ??. — pavettae Zink. 
■- gyllenhali Luc.) is always inferior in size to nikrion. Ground-colour lighter brown, with small, grey- 
