EUPLOEA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
259 
white patches and very restricted, insignificant blue-violet reflection on the distal area of the hindwing. 
pavettae was very rare in Java. 1 found the species exclusively in the neighbourhood of the sea, in the 
coast-forests of Palabuan, during the heaviest rainy season in January 1892. Several times a few butterflies 
wandered into the orchard which surrounded my dwelling-place at that time, the Pasanggrahan (rest-house) of 
Palabuan. They looked like ghosts, flew about two to three meters above the ground and darted and dashed 
so violently and irregularly through the air that for a long time it was impossible for me to recognize 
what butterflies I had before me. — defiguratus Fruhst., from Bali. Dr. Martin’s Javan collector had the defiguratu». 
good fortune to take a large series of this new Euploea, which 1 have never met with in East Java. 
Compared with pavettae Zink, from Java, defiguratus presents a darkened satellite-island race, distinguished 
by the violet instead of white proximal submarginal patches of the forewing and the much smaller ante- 
marginal dots of both wings, which are mostly entirely absent. That defiguratus is also smaller than Javan 
examples is a matter of course in a Bali butterfly. In Lombok I had no opportunity of taking any Macroploea, 
but they are certain to be found there on the south coast in September. — nikrion Fruhst. (80 b). There nikrion. 
are much more important differences between pavettae and this form from Bawean of which I have before 
me a series of 16 examples, collected July-September. Ground-colour darker than in pavettae, the violet 
reflection more extended and intensive, the white subapical spots of the forewing, but particularly the violet 
patches of the hindwing, considerably larger than in Javan specimens. — butleri Moore (? = godmani Moore) butleri. 
closely approximates to nikrion, but the forewing is more rounded; subapical spots more uniform, more 
sharply defined, dusted with darker blue-violet. Sandakan, Sultanat Brunei in North Borneo, Amuntai in 
South-East Borneo. — salvini Stgr. recalls micronesia Doh. from Engano in the reduced grey-violet subapical salvini. 
spots of the forewing, but is larger than this and shows more distinct rows of violet submarginal dots on 
the forewing. Palawan. Flies in January. — grandis Moore, described from a cf in the Semper collection, grandis. 
of unknown locality, perhaps comes from the Sulu Archipelago. Forewing longer and narrower than in 
butleri Moore, with very small discal spots. The spots of the submarginal row dentate, those of the admarginal 
row indistinct. Hindwing with three rows of whitish spots, of which those of the discal row are the largest. 
— Finally, celebica Fruhst. was described from a cf example from North Celebes, where I found it in the celebica. 
coast-forests of Toli-Toli in November 1898. Distinguished from the most nearly allied salvini Stgr. from Palawan 
by the greater expanse of the forewing and the narrower hindwing. All the dots on both sides of the wings are 
even more obsolete than in salvini and hence it is almost as unicolorous as heurippa from the Shortland Islands, 
yet not so blackish as this, but brown-coloured. Length of the forewing in the cf 67 mm., that of salvini 64 mm. 
E. althaea approaches the figured juvia Fruhst. (83 a) and with its large blue spots much more 
recalls the Papuan callithoe Bdv. (79 a) than corns F., from which latter, however, it differs in the positively 
enormous intraneural blue areas of the hindwing above and beneath. — althaea Semp. is known to me in althaea. 
four examples from Mindanao, where it was observed in the north at Dapitb, in the east at Taganito in May 
to September. — juvia Fruhst. (83 a) may be distinguished from althaea by the blue-violet subapical spots ju-via. 
of the lorewing being scarcely half as large and the discal patches of the hindwing likewise reduced. But 
in juvia occur further on both wings above as well as beneath a complete row of whitish, relatively large 
submarginal dots, which in the cf of althaea are entirely absent above, in the ? scarcely indicated. Taihan- 
roku, from the 2nd to the 15th of July, 1908, collected in numbers by Hans Sauter. An interesting 
discovery, as juvia constitutes a Philippine element in the Formosan fauna and makes it probable that althaea 
is also found on the more northerly Philippine islands. Taihanroku lies near the southern point of Formosa, so 
that it is quite easy to believe it may have immigrated from the Bashante or Bashi Islands of the Philippine group. 
E. phaenarete replaces corns on the Moluccas, from whence its representatives have spread over the 
Bismarck Archipelago to the Solomons. On some islands it is connected by transitional forms ( irma Fruhst ., 
79b) with the Papuan callithoe Bdv. (79a). — phaenarete Schall. is one of the commonest butterflies of the phaenarete. 
South Moluccas, whence it is always brought to Europe in company with Hestia idea Cl. phaenarete is moderately 
variable, both sexes being sometimes lighter, sometimes darker brown. The name-typical form is the one 
figured by Cramer pi. 266, with a row of white wedge-spots in the middle of the forewing above and beneath. 
These spots are sometimes entirely absent (= pauperata form nov.) or there are in addition very large trans- pauperata. 
cellular whitish grey or grey-violet patches of longitudinal streaks (= Iuxurianta form nov.). Amboina, Saparua, luxurianta. 
Ceram. — In semicirculus Btlr. (= cuvieri Fldr.) there begins beyond the basal colouring, which is still light brown , semicircules. 
an area with intensive dark steel-blue sheen, in which in the cd are placed light blue, in the ? violet double rows ol 
submarginal patches. Halmaheira, Batjan. — hollandi Fruhst. is distinguished by the more intensive blue hollandi. 
reflection, which particularly in the ?? covers the entire surface of both wings. The ?¥ bear in addition on 
the forewing much larger blue-violet submarginal patches, and the underside is decorated with very large 
and pure white spots arranged in three rows. Burn. — irma Fruhst. (79 b) inhabits Obi. Examples somewhat irma. 
smaller than semicirculus and hollandi , the blue reflection especially bright, the spots before the apex of the 
