264 
EUPLOEA. By IT. Fruhstorfer. 
Icadina. 
oculala. 
kudu. 
heudlsovi. 
viola- 
weberi. 
brandti. 
upis. 
weslwoodi. 
perizonia. 
aisa. 
vivira. 
bangkai- 
ensis. 
leochares. 
meyeri. 
depuiseti. 
spot is always larger than in the allied forms, commonly as in the figure, but sometimes, especially in the 
??, three to four times as broad and slightly dotted with white. Sometimes there is also in the ?? a second 
spot between the median veins and the hindwing is further adorned with two to three quadrate discal patches 
beyond the cell-wall (kadina form. nov.). Occurring in all parts of Borneo, but everywhere rare. Flies on 
Palawan in January. — oculata Moore , originally assigned only to a small dry-season example from Mindanao, 
must be adopted as the only valid name for the probably rather similar representatives of leucostictos from 
the Philippines. According to Semper specimens with large and small spots occur at the same time and 
in the same place, yet examples are not known from the Philippines with the submedian stripes as strongly 
reduced as in syra. Apparently rather rare, from Luzon to Mindanao. — Finally, kadu Ersch ., first described 
from Guam in the Mariannes, is somewhat smaller than normal Mindanao specimens, but bears by far the 
largest grey-white Saluinx- spots on the upperside of the forewing, hewitsoni Btlr. is only a form of kadu 
with two submedian stripes on the forewing. According to Matsumura (Stutt. Ent. Zeitschr. Aug. 1909. p. 91) 
kadu has also been taken on Formosa and even on the Loo-Choo Islands. 
E. viola replaces leucostictos and its representatives on Celebes and is actually also connected with 
it by transitional forms. But as in the ?? (83 a) the Salpinx-spot at the submedian of the forewing is absent 
and the genitalia also differ, this purely Celeban butterfly is treated as a distinct and separate species. Valve 
distally essentially broader than that of vestigiata Btlr. from Sumatra, ventrally with sharper and distinctly 
defined point. Celebes itself produces two sharply separated local races, although strange to say the differ¬ 
ences between them have not been noticed hitherto. — viola Btlr. (83b), the well-known form from Northern 
Celebes, which flies there all the year round and is never missing in consignments from the Minahassa: ? 
with withish, broad, light violet-bordered submarginal spots and a slightly curved row of subapical, trans- 
cellular stripes on the forewing, which never bears discal white spots. Hindwing above with cordiform, violet- 
dusted submarginal and white admarginal patches. Under surface of cf and ? without a trace of cellular or 
discal patches, hindwing moreover only with very minute dots, which traverse the submarginal area in two 
rows. ? sometimes with a lighter, grey-violet-powdered postdiscal area on the hindwing, weberi Moore is 
an aberration with small white sub marginal spots on the hindwing, and brandti Moore an interesting form 
with medium-sized discal spots, but no submarginal patches on the forewing. Both probably from North 
Celebes, types in coll. Distant. An aberration in coll. Fruhstorfer, nearly allied to weberi, with obsolete 
submarginal spots and diffuse subapical patches on the forewing, is here introduced as upis form nov. — 
westwoodi Fldr. (83 a $) exclusively inhabits Southern Celebes and is at once distinguishable from viola , 
particularly beneath, by a discal row of spots, already figured by Felder, which in the c? are light blue and 
only of medium size, in the ? pure white, sometimes even forming quadrate areas. The forewing bears in 
both sexes extremely pronounced subapical, transcellular white spots, and the submarginal patches of the 
hindwing are always more prominent than in the northern form. Above the blue discal spots of the cf are 
always more strongly expressed, and sometimes assume a pure white colour, as may be seen from the figure 
(perizonia form, nov., 80 a cf) and are confluent with the light blue marginal spots. ? always with purer 
white intraneural bands of the forewing than in viola , only sparsely bordered with violet. Two melanotic 
aberrations deserve mention: ? with only one row of medium-sized submarginal spots and a central 
patch, but without transcellular stripes on the forewing, hindwing with large, wedge-shaped, grey-violet- 
powdered postdiscal areas. Under surface of bolh wings with three rows of white punctiform spots 
but not clouded with whitish violet (?-f. aisa form. nov.). ? above as dark brown as the preceding, but with 
circumcellular stripes on the forewing. Hindwing also above with three rows of white patches and beneath 
with broadly diffuse white, violet-powdered intraneural areas (?-f. nivira form. nov.). In Southern Celebes, 
especially in the dry season on flowering trees, which sometimes appear as if covered with them. — bang- 
kaiensis Fruhst. agrees in size with Celeban viola, but bears much smaller whitish violet spots on the forewing 
and only one row of submarginal dots. From this branches off beyond the cell-wall towards the costal 
margin a curved row of four subapical spots. On the hindwing above the violet macular band which adorns 
viola is entirely absent. Beneath two submarginal rows of small white dots likewise recall leucostictos, whilst 
viola is ornamented with deep blue and larger dots. Type in the museum at Dresden, bankaiensis forms a 
connecting link between leucostictos from the Sunda Islands and the copiously blue-spotted Salpinx viola. — 
leochares subsp. nov. is a darker race discovered on Salayer by Dr. Martin, with the white submarginal 
bands on both wings much reduced. In colouring it somewhat approaches labreyi Moore. 
E. meyeri FTpffr., of which as yet only the type-specimens, in the Berlin Museum, have been brought 
to Europe, nearly approches. 
E. depuiseti Oberth., which is perhaps even a local form of the preceding and must be re¬ 
garded as one of the finest Euploeids. Both sexes with a double spot of peculiar green-grey-blue 
colour at the submedian of the forewing, above it in the ? also another larger round white patch. 
