EUPLOEA. By IT. Fruhstorfer. 
269 
brown, which Moore has designated rafflesi. — tricolora Fruhst. (85 c) is an astonishingly different race, of tricolora. 
which three directions of variation may be noticed, cuneifera form, nov ., the principal form, which is figured, canei/era. 
and to which are added in the name-type tricolora light violet transcellular, cellular and intramedian patches, 
so that such extremely richly coloured examples recall margarita Btlr. (84a). rafflesina form nov. is the rafflesinu. 
name given here to examples with grey-blue instead of white subapical markings on the hindwing, which most 
nearly approach the Javan race. The three aberrations mentioned are reproduced in the ??. Bawean, not 
rare from July to September. — iduna Fruhst. bears very little resemblance to rafflesi (of which 1 have iduna. 
large series before me), but, curiously, most nearly approaches staudingeri Kheil from Nias, iduna has in 
common with staudingeri the absolutely black ground-colour (brown in rafflesi ), the equally prominent white 
spots on the forewing, which are divided in exactly the same way into two rows, whilst rafflesi shows only 
one row of washed-out whitish grey submarginal dots. On the hindwing iduna is even more copiously spotted 
with white than staudingeri , as the proximal white row of spots is also quite distinctly developed, whilst in 
staudingeri the second row is suppressed towards the anal angle, which is also the case in rafflesi. On the 
under surface of the wings iduna is intermediate between rafflesi and staudingeri. The spots on the 
forewing are stronger than in the former, weaker than in the latter. On the hindwing occur violet-white 
circumcellular dots, which are entirely absent in staudingeri and only indistinctly present in rafflesi. 
Kangean, in coll. Ffuhstorfer. 
E. atossa Pag. much resembles doubledayi on the hindwing in the darkened, brown intramedian atossa. 
stripes, but naturally the scent-area is as in rafflesi and tricolora. Ground-colour of the forewing uniformly 
brown. The ? has sometimes two small violet costal spots on the forewing and on the hindwing in many 
examples the intraneural streaks show a tendency to obsolescence, c? beneath as above without subapical 
spots. Sumbawa. - lombokiana Fruhst. is a much smaller race, but with the white spots on the forewing lombokiana. 
more strongly expressed both above and beneath. Underside of the forewing with smaller violet submedian 
stripe and almost always with a curved row of well defined white subapical patches, which are absent in 
atossa. Lombok, at about 600 m., rare. 
E. simillima replaces aegyptus and atossa on the Philippines and differs from the aegyptus- series 
chiefly in the light whitish or grey-brown intraneural areas of the hindwing beneath, which recall those 
of leaclii (86 c), diana Btlr., and especially of the convergent Philippine lucasi and swainsoni. — simillima simillima. 
Moore, the North Philippine race, has no submarginal bands at all on the hindwing, but large white, almost 
quadrate subapical patches on the forewing. Very rare; Semper only knew 5 examples. Luzon. — meldoiae nieldolae. 
Moore is characterized by smaller costal spots on the forewing, very long, prominent, pure white intraneural 
striae on the upper and under surface of the hindwing. South Philippines: Bohol, Mindanao. — hypaspistes hypaspistes. 
subsp. nov. (the name signifies Esquire) is a race from Bazilan, where it occurs February—March. The white 
spots of both wings considerably reduced, the costal patches of the forewing in some examples powdered 
with brown. — cornificia subsp. nov. has the submarginal spots of both wings even more darkened and comiflcia. 
reduced. Mindoro. — clorinde Stgr., from Palawan and Paragua, shows the admarginal dots of both wings clorinde. 
dusted with brown, the submarginal spots of the hindwing are often absent. Palawan, not rare in January. 
— aelia Fruhst. belongs to those interesting relics of the land-connection between the Philippines and Borneo aelia. 
which still remain in the most notherly part of this extensive island and there inhabit Sandakan, whilst one 
degree further south the Macromalayan aegyptus already occurs in its place, aelia is smaller than clorinde and 
of lighter ground-colour. All the white markings are more washed-out and the number of the admarginal 
dots reduced. On the underside of the wings all the white dots and streaks narrower and smaller than in clorinde. 
E. fabricii Moore , according to the description, is uniformly olive-brown above, the sexual spot of the' fabricii. 
forewing somewhat longer and placed nearer to the base than in rafflesi Moore from Java. The submarginal 
row of spots less strongly expressed, the marginal dots mostly absent. Hindwing with two rows of very 
minute spots, the proximal ones of which are obsolete from the upper median vein onwards. Cochinchina. 
Type in coll. Oberthur. 
E. dameli Moore is likewise unknown to me and is said to come from Shanghai, an extremely dameli. 
questionable locality, unless it is a northerly branch of the South Chinese midamus L. According to the des¬ 
cription near to aegyptus Btlr. Upper surface washed-out brown, forewing with smaller, but prominent white 
subapical patches, a marginal row of five central and three lower very small spots on the hindwing. 
E. midamus affords an interesting example of the variability of continental species and is next to 
corus vitrina Fruhst. the largest Euploea occurring in South Asia. Extraordinarily common in Hong-Kong 
and Siam, it becomes very rare at the limit of its range in Sikkim and Perak. Whether it also extends into 
the Macromalayan district is doubtful, but it is represented there by the forms of the aegyptus- series, whose 
relation to midamus is evidenced by tricolora Fruhst. from Bawean. midamus L. (80a), a characteristic butterfly midamus. 
