EUPLOEA. By IT. Fruhstorfer. 
271 
hindwing also, indigofera Moore, founded on a small example, probably of the rainy season, bears also a indigofera. 
white costal spot on the forewing, hamiltoni Swinh. is an aberration with incomplete series of white sub- hamiltoni. 
marginal patches on the forewing, but distinct double rows of white dots on the hindwing, augusta Moore, augusta. 
is darker blue with less blue reflection, sherwilli Moore, a rare form with confluant subapical and trails- sherwilli. 
cellular patches on the forewing, and macclellandi Moore, an interesting transition from klugi from Assam to macclellandi 
kollari Fldr. from Sikkim with light violet discal patches on the forewing and a dark brown ground with 
dull blue reflection, very rare, first described from Assam, also before me from the neighbourhood of Calcutta. 
Finally, uniformis Moore even more approximates in the conspicuous median spots and the slight dark violet unifonnis. 
tinge on the upperside of the wings to kollari Fldr. The latter shows as a rule no violet reflection on the kollari. 
dark brown ground and bears very large white intraneural strigae on the upperside of the hindwing with 
round, pretty uniformly yellowish white submarginal patches on the forewing. Larva apparently not yet 
described, but is said to live on various species of Ficus and on Streblis asper Lorn., an Urticaceae. 
Distributed from the southern point of the Indian peninsula to Bombay, but nowhere ascending above the 
coast. Near Calcutta it flies all the year round in company with the common E. core Cr. According to 
Hampson it occurs in the Nilgiri Hills even up to elevations of 5000 ft. — sinhala Moore is a darkened sinhala. 
island form of the preceding, somewhat smaller, submarginal spots of the forewing strongly reduced and 
hence more isolated, admarginal dots mostly absent. The strigae of the hindwing likewise shortened. Accord¬ 
ing to Moore sinhala has been found near Galla, but occurs especially at Kandy where it ascends to 1000 in.. 
but is always very rare. - crassa Btlr. (= erichsoni Fldr.) (79 c) is the Further Indian representative of the crassa. 
species, which remains somewhat more constant in colouring and scheme of markings than klugi from Assam, 
yet in large series individual differences are shown, which gave rise to the erection of specific names, but 
which were recognized by its author in later years as mere forms, and placed as such. Butler’s name- 
type has the submarginal patches, on the forewing fairly equal in size and running in a complete row to the 
anal angle; the example here figured belongs to the form apicalis Moore, with large subapical spots, which apicalis. 
are joined to the admarginal dots. — masoni Moore was found in Tenasserim at elevations of 3—5000 ft. and masoni. 
is a rainv-season form with the upper surface of the forewing suffused with dark violet. Hindwing with the 
submarginal patches reduced, otherwise as in apicalis. — pembertoni Moore has the submarginal spots pemberloni. 
traversing the entire forewing as in crassa, but very much less developed. Described from Lower Burma. —- 
burmeisteri Moore is probably the product of an extreme dry season, the type is somewhat smaller than burmeisteri. 
apicalis, with a double row of small yellowish white dots on both wings. Described from Saigon, taken by 
me in Siam in January and February, crassa is in Siam one of the commonest Euploeas up to 30C m. in 
hilly country. At the end of the dry season, January to about 25. February, only uniformly pale brown 
examples are met with, which but rarely have a slight violet reflection on the upper surface. But at the 
beginning of March, immediately after the first showers, the first generation begins to appear, dark brown 
and particularly at the base with violet-blue reflection. The apical spots are surrounded by rose-red to light 
blue margins, which become paler in the dry season, the approach of which was already foreshadowed by 
the rarity of the butterfly in August in Tonkin. According to a statement of Matsumura (Ent. Zeitsch., 
Stuttgart, 7. August 1909) a Euploea allied to klugi has been discovered on Formosa. — On Hainan 
crassa certainly occurs. 
E. diocletianus is the only known species with grey instead of yellow hair-stars to the male anal 
pencils, which emit an agreable vanilla-scent. The butterflies are distinguished by sexual heterochromatism, 
which is shown in the island races in even more vivid contrast than in the continental forms. They are 
lively insects, like Trepsichrois love to be constantly on the move, never frequent wet places so far as 1 was 
able to observe, and are exclusively visitors to flowers. In Siam their appearance afforded especial pleasure 
on account of the pure white areas of the hindwing, as a wonderful contrast in the midst of the other exclu¬ 
sively dark species. Two local races occur in continental South Asia, otherwise the species is exclusively 
Macromalayan. not passing over to Bali and apparently not even occurring on Bawean. In vertical distribution 
it ascends to about 1000 m. — ramsayi Moore (81a), described from Nepal and very local in Sikkim, only ramsayi. 
occurring in the deep outlying valleys from April to December, cd round-winged, upper surface with dark 
blue tinge in the distal area of both wings. — diocletianus F. (?) (= rhadamanthus F. [cd]) differs from the diocletianus. 
preceding, particularly in the cd, in the reduced white markings especially on the hindwing. On the forewing 
the transcellular white spots are sometimes entirely absent (despoliata form nov.). cdcd of the rainy-season form despoliata. 
are larger than those which I collected in Siam in the dry season. Common everywhere from the Malay 
Peninsula to Lower Burma, from Assam to Annum. Examples from Sumatra and Singapore do not differ 
materially from those from Perak. low^i Btlr. is an essentially darkened race, which occurs in Borneo; loiv&i. 
cd with only three, ? with four white subbasal stripes on the hindwing. ? predominantly dark brown. - 
aerithus subsp. nov. only differs from the preceding in the brilliant dark steel-blue tinge on the upperside aerithus. 
of both wings in the ??, and in the still shorter and narrower intraneural stripes of the hindwing in the cdcd, 
hindwing of the ?? with a double row of small white submarginal patches. Natuna Islands - — alcidice Godt. alcidice. 
is a charming race from Java; cd scarcely differing from diocletianus, ? above somewhat lighter brown than 
