Publ. 13. II. 1911. 
Appendix to the Danaidae. By U. Fruhstorfer. 
273 
and a more oblong white area on the hindwing. Moreover, the scaleless transverse spot at the apex of the 
cell of the forewing is narrower and longer. — hiempsal subsp. nov. (78 e) inhabits Kaiser-Wilhelmsland. The hiempsal. 
? differs from the c? in the more pronounced white spots of the forewing, especially the patch from the 
middle of the costal margin, which in the c? is either absent or only dot-like, is always well expressed. 
Together with the normal type-form figured occurs a rarer aberration with more rounded, distally convex, 
white discal area on the hindwing: zephoris form. nov. (78 e). According to Hagen hiempsal is common in xephoris. 
open woods, and is a poor and feeble flier. Commonest in the rainy months of November and December, 
then again from March to June. I have received hiempsal in large numbers from the coast-forests at 
Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen, — Further to the east, in Finschhafen, we already meet with a different local race, 
vereja subsp. nov., with very large, quadrate, pure white patches on the forewing, of which the transcellular vereja. 
are nearly confluent. — fallax Stgr. (78 e), not rare on Waigeu; the ? bears even larger white markings on fallax. 
the forewing, the subapical patches are nearly always confluent, the costal dot of the forewing always 
present and the transverse spot at the apex of the cell almost triangular. - meforicus subsp. nov. (78 e) is meforicus. 
characterized by having the white median area on the hindwing strongly undulate distally, and with a long 
black tooth projecting into it from the costal margin opposite the end of the cell, as in hiero; Mefor. 
mysoriensis Stgr. has the white patches on the forewing smaller and the discal area of the hindwing even mysoriensis. 
more deeply incised; island of Mysore in Geelvink Bay. — roonensis subsp. nov., a further very similar roonensis. 
geographical branch of smaller size, with much narrowed white disc on the hindwing and dull vitreous areas 
on the forewing. Island of Ron. — nedusia Hbn. may best be compared with hiempsal , but is as a rule larger, nedusia. 
with dull vitreous areas on the forewing and strikingly narrow, rectilineal band on the hindwing. From 
Dorey andTHattain, on the north-western coast of Dutch New Guinea. — limetanus subsp. nov. shows on the limetanus. 
forewing very large rounded hyaline patches, which are otherwise darkened as in nedusia , and an irregularly 
defined and very broad pure white area on the hindwing. Discovered by Doherty at Kapaur, Dutch New 
Guinea. — nais Guer., from the Am Islands, has almost circular, large milk-white spots on the forewing, a nais. 
distinctly curved discal spot on the hindwing and an elongate costal streak on the forewing above. According 
to Ribbe local, but not rare. — niveipicta Btlr., a race inferior in size to nais with the white spots of the niveipicla. 
forewing more quadrate than round, and occasionally contiguous. The transverse area of the hindwing dis¬ 
tally somewhat less excurved than in nais. According to Ribbe common in the woods on all the islands of 
the Key Group. — jobinus subsp. nov. is a further form allied to nais, but 'with indistinct costal spot, jobinus. 
vertically placed cell-spot on the forewing, and band-like median area on the hindwing. The basal cell-stripc 
of the forewing is absent in the cf, but is again present also above in the ?. — sarcapus subsp. nov. is best sarcapus. 
compared with hiempsal. The cell-streak in both sexes very weak, the other white patches as in meforicus, 
the tranverse area of the hindwing distally deeply incised opposite to the median veins. Fergusson and 
Kiriwina. — hiero Godm. (— salomonis Ribbe) (78 e), distinguished by having the transcellular spots of the hiero. 
forewing fused into a band and a thin black longitudinal band, which cuts off a small oblong piece from the 
white discal area of the hindwing. Locality the Solomons, especially the Shortland Islands. — assarica Cr. assarica. 
(78 e), by far the most beautiful but also the rarest form of the collective species. It has been hitherto 
regarded as a separate species, but there is nothing to prevent its being united with zoilus , for the confluent 
spots of the forewing are also found in hiero and the strongly widened white discal area of the lorewing 
is likewise no specific character, while the markings of the underside of the hindwing and the colouring of 
the abdomen agree with the other zoilus-iovms. Ceram and Amboina. — aequicincta Godm. & Sale, has the aequicincta. 
most claim, perhaps, to be separated as a species, for in it the deep black ground-colour changes into a 
dull, but very dark brown, the scent-spots of the forewing are less scaled and hence more transparent. The 
white disc of the hindwing is not quite so rounded as in hiero, the white submarginal spots of the hindwing 
show through distinctly on account of the lighter and more transparent ground-colour. New Pomerania, New 
Lauenburg. — variegatus Ribbe, a somewhat larger local form with the vitreous spots of the forewing still variegalus. 
more clouded. New Mecklenburg. 
Appendix. 
P. 202, to Dan. mefissa: nephthys subsp. nov. approaches orientalis Semp. from Luzon, but is smaller, nephthys. 
much lighter and more broadly striped with white, but with smaller submarginal patches than Semper’s type. 
Sulu Islands, to the north of Borneo. — sassina subsp. nov. forms a transition from palawana Fruhst. to sassina. 
orientalis Semp. and is hence about intermediate between examples from Palawan and Luzon: relatively large, 
broadly striped and spotted with yellowish white. Mindoro, Cebu, Camiguin de Mindanao. Types in coll. 
Semper in the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfort. — pelagia subsp. nov. is in the same collection from the pelagia. 
island of Cuyo and has the white stripes and spots still somewhat lighter and broader than sassina. — tibula tibida. 
- subsp. nov., from the Camotes, a strikingly dark form with broad black-brown marginal area especially on 
IX. 35 
