274 
Appendix to the Danaidae. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
emona. 
valentia. 
trasinanus. 
sontinus. 
strymon. 
moaria. 
norinia. 
oxynthas. 
choaspina. 
caulonia. 
cerilla. 
flymbra. 
meelti. 
phormis. 
simonides. 
the hindwing and very small circumcellular and submarginal patches on both wings, and the hyaline spots 
decidedly less developed than in any other melissa -race from the Philippines. — emona subsp. nov., from the 
island of Paragua is again like palawana, near the septentrionis- type, and closely approximates to microsticta 
Btlr. from Borneo in the arrangement of the strigae on the hindwing, but is somewhat lighter. — valentia 
subsp. nov., likewise in the Semper collection, must be regarded as the largest race from the Philippines and 
is at the same time the most melanotic extreme of those forms which are more allied to Anterior Indian 
septentrionis than to the Micromalayan melissa. Abdomen of the d above black, that of the ? red-brown. 
The greenish cell-spots nearly obsolete, especially the basal stripe of the cell of the forewing in the ?. d 
essentially darker than that of palawana, all the strigae, even those of the subapical region greenish, valentia 
suanetes is almost entitled to specific rank. Davao, Mindanao. — suanetes subsp. nov., from the island of Balabac, 
resembles microsticta Btlr. from Borneo, from which it differs in the absence of the whitish basal streak in the 
cell of the forewing and is smaller and with more melanotic colouring throughout than Borneo examples. 
Type in coll. Staudinger in the Berlin Museum. 
P. 204. to Dan. ishmoides: As the Philippines have produced in tumanana Semp. a choaspes- form, it is 
not surprising that the Celeban ishmoides also occurs there in branch-races. The new geographical subspecies 
in question are separable as follows, according to the material in the Semper and Staudinger collections, 
where they are scattered about among the mefissa-senes: trasinanus subsp. nov., from Cebu, where it occurs 
together with the melissa -race described above, is larger and far lighter than Celebes examples. The median 
spots of the forewing very large, on the other hand the fork in the cell of the hindwing is vestigial and in 
one ? entirely absent. Type in coll. Semper. — sontinus subsp. nov. inhabits Mindoro and is smaller than 
the preceding, with more delicate patches and lighter under surface. Type in coll. Staudinger. — Finally 
strymon subsp. nov. is the largest, and as usual in Mindanao specimens the darkest form of the Philippines, 
more approaching the Celeban sister-race. Type in coll. Staudtnfer. 
P. 204, to Dan. limniace: The name moaria subsp. nov. may be given to the strikingly large Formosa 
race, which is distinguished especially from South Indian examples by the reduced subapical patches of the 
forewing and the much thickened fork in the cell of the hindwing. — As norinia subsp. nov. we introduce 
the race from Hainan, in which on account of its small size the reduction of the whitish patches on both 
wings is still more noticeable. 
P. 205, to Dan. choaspes: oxynthas subsp. nov. approaches choaspes , has the abdomen pure white with 
very thin, white dorsal line and differs from choaspes chiefly in having a narrow spot (scarcely half as broad) 
at the apex of the cell of the forewing. Sula Mangoli. Type in coll. Staudinger. 
D. choaspina Stgr. i. 1. appears to he a species, as it has the spot on the forewing more than twice 
as broad as in oxynthas and I he abdomen pure white. Occurs together with oxynthas on Sula Mongoli. 
Type in coll. Staudinger (Berl. Mus.). 
P. 205, to Dan. aspctsia: caulonia subsp. nov. Approaches tharyalia Fruhst. from West Sumatra more 
nearly than kheili Stgr. from Nias, but has in common with the latter the subapical strigae and the smaller size. 
The hyaline patches of the forewing become somewhat duller than in the Sumatra race, the median spots 
are not separated, but joined together. The white antemarginal and submarginal dots on the under surface 
are more delicate, as in Sumatran tharyalia. Pulo Tello, in the Batoe Islands, near South-West Sumatra, 
As cerilla subsp. nov. we separate the Palawan form, which approaches slielfordi Fruhst. from North Borneo, 
but is easily distinguished by the larger size and the corresponding increase in all the white patches of the 
submarginal and antemarginal areas. The dd are very similar to the Siamese aspasia dd, but differ in 
having the submedian part of the forewing less tinged with yellowish. Type in coll. Fruhstorfer. — flymbra 
subsp. nov. is the race from Domoran, which differs from cerilla in showing the darkened coloration characteristic 
of fhe satellite-island forms. The innermarginal area of the forewing is more broadly yellow and of a darker 
shade and the yellow transcellular spots of the hindwing are much reduced. Type in coll. Semper. 
P. 207, after Dan. melusine: Danaida meeki Sm., from Fergusson Island, is said scarcely to differ in 
the d from melusine Sm.. from New Guinea, but to show a longer subapical vitreous stripe and to be of 
larger size. Under surface darker brown, the light band of the hindwing not placed so near to the base 
as in melusine and the subcostal stripes likewise more slender. Only 4 instead of 10- 12 submarginal dots. 
P. 208, to Dan. aglea: phormis Fruhst., previously known only from Tonkin, Annum and Siam, also 
extends to Hainan; this race is distinctly different from the larger maghaba Fruhst. from Formosa. 
P. 209, to Dan. luzonensis: Judging from the material in the Semper collection, the races of the 
southern Philippines differ appreciably from the name-type from Luzon. As Simonides subsp. nov. the Palawan 
subspecies especially may be separated, being essentially lighter and showing broader transcellular strigae 
and larger submarginal patches on the forewing. ? strikingly larger than the d. Types in coll. Fruhstorfer. 
