YPTHIMA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
287 
Y. florensis Snell. (99c) is light grey beneath and differs from arctous in the large, circular apical ocellus florensis. 
on the underside of the hindwing. But on the upper surface of the hindwing the eye-spot, which is so distinct 
in arctous, only shows through. Flores. 
Y. pusilla spec. nov. (99 c as minuta ) is probably the smallest Asiatic species, and was referred to aste- pusilla. 
rope by Rothschild, Holland and Doherty. Above even somewhat lighter grey than florensis and beneath 
easy to recognize by the double eye-spot on the anal area of the hindwing. South Celebes, from the lowlands 
up to 1000 m. January, March. Amboina. The name minuta must sink, being preoccupied by F. minuta 
Matsumura from Formosa 1910. 
Y. huebneri is widely distributed in continental South Asia and may be easily recognized by the three 
contiguous eye-spots on the underside of the hinclwing. — kasmira Moore, very well figured in the Palearctic 1 casmira. 
part (34 a), is the most northerly branch-race of the species. — jocularia Swinh. is a very distinct pale form jocularia. 
from Western India with the anal area of the hindwing above slightly tinged with violet, and honora Moore honora. 
( = apicalis Moore, catharina Btlr.) is the dry-season generation without ocelli on the underside of the hind¬ 
wing. — huebneri Kirby (99 e) is the race from the eastern Himalayas, where the form occurs as far as Burma, huebneri. 
The example figured came from Annam, where this form flies in the plains, whilst in Tonkin it ascends to about 
3000 ft. The £ is paler grey, above like that of baldus, but with rounder wings. Egg a beautiful light green, 
the larva hatches in 4 days and soon produces a green or brown pupa, from which the imago emerges after 
about 4 weeks. According to Niceville’s observations, however, the development is more rapid in November- 
December, the pupa yielding the butterfly in only 12—18 days. The larva is described, in the generic diagnosis. 
Y. ceylonica Hew. (99 e) is the only species with the hindwing almost entirely white. The example ceylonicct. 
figured belongs to the dry-season form gellia form, nov., whilst Hewitson described the form of the rainy season, gellia. 
which has larger eye-spots, these being arranged beneath exactly as in huebneri and almost as large, ceylonica 
was formerly only known from the island whose name it bears, but it has now been discovered, also in Southern 
India, in a slight variety. Its flight is short and it rests at the roadside on grass and weeds. Elwes and Edwards 
consider ceylonica to be specifically distinct from huebneri on account of the great-differences in the finely denti¬ 
culate apex of the valve. 
Y. jarba is a species discovered simultaneously by Dr. Martin and. myself, and of which Niceville 
also received a doubtful form from Manipur. — jarba Nicev., described from examples from Sumatra, is about jarba. 
intermediate in size between gaugamela (99 d) and eupeithes (99 f) and as may be seen from a glance at the une¬ 
qual size of the anal ocelli and. the dissimilar longitudinal striation, cannot be regarded as allied to baldus or 
huebneri. jarba is very rare and in 13 years Dr. Martin has not been able to obtain more than 12 examples. 
— In West Java and there only in the mountains from 1000 m. upwards jarba is replaced by eupeithes subsp. eupeithes, 
nov. (99 f), conspicuous by its size, the whitish median area of the hindwing and the large eye-spots with broad 
ochre-yellow margins. Examples also occur with an accessory eye-spot at the apex of the hindwing beneath. 
$ fully a third larger than the <$. Flies April to June, on Mount Ged.e and the plateau of Pengalengan, West 
Java. — gaugamela subsp. nov. (99 d). Above darker brown than eupeithes, the longitudinal bands on the gaugamela. 
under surface of the forewing straighter. The hindwing shows no accessory ocellus, the median area is more 
broadly striated with black than in eupithes and the habitus much smaller. East Java, from 500 m. upwards. 
Very rare. 
Y. philomela Joh. (99 c). The synonymy of this species is in great confusion; all that is certain is that philomela. 
tabella Marsh., baldus Elw. and huebneri Snell, are identical with it. huebneri Kirby, Seitz p. 91, is not the 
same, philomela occurs in South India, where it ascends to 3500 ft., in Java and Sumatra, in coll. Fruhstorfer 
there are also examples from Perak and Sumbawa. philomela differs from huebneri Kirby in that in the anal 
angle of the hindwing there are only 2 principal ocelli and but rarely one or two punctiform accessory eye-spots, 
whilst huebneri bears three anal ocelli of equal size. Moreover, the anterior ocellus in huebneri is always isolated, 
whilst in philomela it is almost without exception accompanied by a small supplementary eye-spot. On the 
upper surface philomela differs from huebneri in having a smaller apical eye-spot on the forewing. — Moore 
has described as indecora the somewhat larger race from North-Western India, which bears larger apical ocelli indccora. 
on the forewing and also above large anal eye-spots. Dry-season examples occur with the under surface dark 
sand-grey, often without the least trace of eye-spots. Kulu, Kangra (Kashmir), Mussouri. The form also 
approaches philomela in the structure of the valve; but according to Eiaves it differs from it in having a distinct 
sexual spot on the forewing. In dividing the collective species I have here followed Bingham. But concerning 
philomela itself there is no doubt; it was originally described from Java and is extremely common both in the 
east and west of the island up to elevations of about 700 m. 
Y. fasciata, one of the most easily recognized species, of which there are only two races to mention. 
— fasciata Hew. (99 g), described from Borneo, in my collection from Pontianak and the Natuna Islands, is fascinta. 
conspicuous for the chain-like series of six eye-spots of almost ecqual size on the hindwing. The upper surface 
