Full. 15. 11. 1911. 
YPTHIMA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
289 
Y. similis Elw. & Edw. is likewise a rare species, larger than average examples of marshalli and similis. 
without the sexual spot of the forewing. As in the $ of baldus the ocelli of both wings are also in similis 
placed in a lighter area, which is proximally bordered by a dark band. Under surface similar to baldus, 
but the sprinkling is more delicate and the subbasal dark band is absent. The valve sharply differentiated 
from those of the preceding species and of baldus. Karen Hills, to the north of Tungo in Tenasserim, from 
about 4—5000 ft., discovered by W. Doherty. 
Y. baldus F. produces two very different seasonal forms, of which that of the dry season, marshalli baldus. 
Btlr., is figured on 99 d (that of the rainy period in the Palearctic part 34 b). On the upper surface the marshalli. 
two are alike, beneath the bro wn-grey longitudinal band varies in breadth and there occur all gradations from 
examples with large eye-spots to those without a trace of ocelli. Sometimes instead of the latter there are 
small silver or only black dots present. I met with marshalli commonly in the rainless period from De¬ 
cember to February in southern Annam, whilst I have baldus before me in large numbers from Tonkin, taken 
from June to August. Distribution: the whole of Anterior and. Further India, also in my collection from 
Hainan, where the darkening which already commences in Tonkin examples becomes more definite, so that 
Hainan examples may be designated as gallienus subsp. nov. The under surface bears broader, darker brown gallienus. 
longitudinal bands and smaller ocelli, more broadly bordered with brown. The larva of baldus is known, and 
lives on rice; it is of reddish ocbre-yelloiv colouring with indistinct dark stripes. Pupa either dark ochre-yellow 
or brown or pale grey and spotted with brown. — scota subsp. nov. is a melanotic island race with, dark scoia. 
brown under surface spotted, with red-brown and very broad, submarginal line on the forewing. Not com¬ 
mon, February, March. Hong-Kong. — In ishigakina Fruhst. (99 e) the island melanism becomes still more ishigakina. 
distinctly noticeable, and is accompanied by a decrease in size. Moreover the upper surface is darker brown 
than in baldus , the bordering of the ocelli less light and the pale grey submarginal area is absent even in the 
The striation of the under surface is finer and of a deeper brown-red. Besides the intermediate form 
figured there is also an extreme dry-season form, zodirsa form, nov., analagous to marshalli, but smaller and zodina. 
with dark black-brown ground-colouring. Formosa, Isbigaki (Japan), not rare. — In the Macromalayan re¬ 
gion baldus is divided into four races: newboldi Dist., a form darkened on both surfaces, with reduced ocelli, newboldi. 
especially on the hindwing. The oblique stripes of the under surface are more delicate, thinner, the trans¬ 
verse striation more blackish than brown. Described by Distant from the rainy-season form. Perak, Ma¬ 
lay Peninsula. — moerus subsp. nov. is the form from the lowlands of Sumatra. Larva according to Martin moerus. 
on the same ubiquitous species of grass as that of Mycalesis mineus L. This race is further removed from 
the baldus- type and. produces no dry-season form, yet the ocelli are reduced, especially on the hindwing be¬ 
neath. This is predominantly white-grey, the longitudinal -stripes more prominent, but the brown shading 
slighter. An extremely common species in the plains, present on every grassy patch in the shade. The 
eggs are laid, singly and are white-green, distinctly smaller than those of Mycalesis and darken as the larva 
develops, the central part becoming dotted with, black; the larvae are at first white, but after feeding be¬ 
come white-green, with white head and dense whitish hairs. These hairs become less with each moult, the 
teeth at the anal end. always longer, whilst those at the head are only indicated. The full-grown larva is 
somewhat yellowish, of perhaps the colour of half ripe oats and. with a dark dorsal line. The larvae live 
high in the culms, on which they also hang for pupation. The yellow-green pupa is ornamented with fine 
brown stripes, more slender than all the Mycalesis- pupae, and has a rather pointed thoracic horn (Martin). 
— selinuntius subsp. nov. (99 d) inhabits Borneo and the Natuna Islands and more approaches newboldi Dist., selinuntius. 
from which, however, it differs beneath in the red-brown instead of blackish striation. — horsfieldi Moore (= horsfieldi. 
baldus Snell.) is as usual the most copiously white-marked subspecies. The forewing is indeed more broadly 
and densely scaled with black beneath than the Sumatran sister-race, but the hindwing must be called grey- 
white, with slighter brownish scaling, which in the median area is commonly entirely absent. At present I 
have only before me examples taken in East Java, which I there found common at 500—700 m. at the 
edges of the coffee-gardens. —- pasitelides subsp. nov. is an interesting form from the island of Bawean, close pasitelides. 
to Java, which is easily recognizable beneath by the almost completely brown forewing, on which almost 
ail the white ground-colour is wanting. The hindwing also is cost-ally and basally more slightly shaded with 
black-grey than any Javan example; all the ocelli more distinct and bordered with finer yellow. 
Further towards the east, in the Micromalayan region, and beginning from Bali, occurs a magnificent 
species, which is more widely distributed than was formerly known, namely Y. aphnius Godt., originally d.es- aphnius. 
cribed. from Timor, but apparently occurring in exactly the same form also on Wetter. — The furthest re¬ 
moved from the name-type is caratonus subsp. nov., of which I took a $ on Bali in October 1895. It is dis- caratonu.s. 
tinguislied by its smaller size and especially by an almost pure white foreground to the ocelli in the anal 
area of the hindwing. — A somewhat larger form is saravus subsp. nov., from Lombok, which occurs there saravus. 
at altitudes of 600—1000 m. and is nowhere rare at the edge of the woods and on the banks of the streams 
which intersect the plateau of Sambalun. The anal part of the hindwing is above darkened and all the ocel'i 
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