YPTHIMA. By H. Frtihstorfer. 291 
and to reach an altitude of 2500 m. in the Kumaon Himalayas. Valve short, broad, at the apex a simple 
black spine. 
Y. newara Moore closely approximates to the preceding, the submarginal band of the under surface newara. 
is more uniform in breadth, and the striation somewhat more compact and less regular. East Himalayas, from 
Nepal and Sikkim to Assam, from 1000—1500 m. Valve narrow, its apex flattened and finely dentate. — As 
sarcaposa subsp. nov. the Burmese form is here separated, which is smaller and beneath lighter grey than large sarcaposa. 
series of Sikkim and Assam examples. Ocelli with broader and lighter yellow bordering. Collected by me in 
May at Tungo, Tenasserim, at elevations of about 1000 m., but distributed northwards as far as the border of 
Yunnan. 
Y. chinensis Leech (vol. 1, p. 92, 34 b) is larger than the preceding and would without hesitation have chinensis. 
been treated as a geographical race of nareda if Elwes and Edwards had not established its specific rank on 
the ground of the constant difference of the valve, tested on 4 examples. Valve bi-lobed, proximally armed 
with 5 teeth. Collected at Kiu-Kiang in May, at Chang-Yang in August, made known by Leech. 
Y. perfecta Leech is a species recognizable by the larger anal ocelli on the hindwing above, the straight- perfecta. 
edged foreground of the apical eye-spots on the underside of the fore wing and the cospicuous, almost white 
median area of the hindwing. Central and West China. — akragas subsp. nov., somewhat larger, the ocellus akragas. 
of the forewing narrower. Under surface essentially darker, with the exception of the very narrow median 
area, which is basally widened and distally almost pure white. All the eye-spots of the hindwing somewhat 
smaller than in perfecta. Formosa, very rare. 
Y. sordida Elw. & Edw. belongs near perfecta, already discussed vol. 1, p. 92. Kiu-Kiang. 
Y. lycus Nicev. has narrower wings, but the same arrangement of the eye-spots as nareda except that lycus. 
the anal ocelli on the underside of the hindwing are smaller. Under surface dark grey, with unusually fine stria¬ 
tion. The only locality yet known is the Khasia Hills in Assam, where it occurs from March to July at about 
1500 m. It flies somewhat more swiftly than newara, prefers open places and'is not very rare, but hardly 
ever finds its way into German collections and I possess only 1 <$. 
Y. watsoni Moore apparently replaces lycus in Burma and might be taken for a mere local form if the watsoni. 
valve did not differ strikingly from the simple, very slender lycus-v alve in having a subapical, broad, proximally 
comb-shaped appendage. The rainy-season form resembles that of nareda and the striation on the under surface 
is more scattered. The ocelli are more uniform than in lycus, the dry-season form shows very broad brown 
bands on a light grey ground. Burma, from Tongu to the border of Yunnan. 
In East Asia in place of nareda and newara occurs Y. motschulskyi Men., a species with large eye-spots, motschuls- 
which has been already dealt with in the Palearctic part (vol. 1, p. 92). I took the species on the island of Tsushima, kyi - 
end of September to beginning of October. — - amphitea Men. is a form from Korea with the sexual spot on ampMtea. 
the forewing reduced, whilst in ganus subsp. nov., from Tsintau and probably also Icliang, it is especially distinctly ganus. 
developed, ganus is inferior in size to Japanese specimens and the ocelli are correspondingly reduced. The 
under surface bears the same relation to motschulskyi as sarcaposa Fruhst. to newara Moore, with its light 
grey ground-colour and fine striation. 
Y. obscura Elw. & Edw., from Korea, nearly approaches the Japanese race in colouring and pattern, obscura. 
but the valve is of widely different form, in motschulskyi having the teeth at the distal end, whilst obscura bears 
them at the dorsal, proximal part in almost twice as long a row. 
Y. multistriata Btlr. (= posticalis Mats.) (99 g) bears the dentition of the valve also at the distal end, multistriata. 
but its form is simpler and more slender, so that Elwes and Edwards are probably also right here in advo¬ 
cating its specific separation from the Japanese form. Beneath multistriata differs from motschulskyi in the 
more compact and darker brown shading, more condensed into single patches resp. spots. Formosa, not rarely 
ascending to about 4000 ft. — - imitans Elw. & Edw., from Hainan, differs above in the lighter distal area imitans. 
of the forewing and on the under surface in the reduced brown striation on a very light, nearly white ground. 
The margining of the ocelli is also paler and of a finer yellow. 
Y. praenubila Leech (vol. 1, p. 92, pi. 34 c), a specially large species, in many Avays recalls the species 
of the next group. Central and West China, from May to August, does not belong to the Indo-Australian 
fauna. 
Methora Group. 
With Y. methora begins a series of species which far surpass their congeners in size, reaching or ex¬ 
ceeding that of the European Pararge. — Tavo local forms of methora are known: methora Hew. (99 g), erected methora. 
