ACROPHTHALMIA; PHARIA; HYPOCYSTA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
295 
3. Genus: Aerophtlialinia Fldr. 
In size approximating to the preceding genus and also embracing but few species, but the butterflies 
differ structurally in the point of origin of the lower radial, which arises directly from the subcostal, in cosequence 
of which the latter and the upper radial are placed on a common stalk. The upper radial strongly bent at its 
base. Lower radial partially united with the upper median. At this place the SS possess a membranous pouch, 
which is continued to the distal margin as a fold in the membrane. This fold is wanting in the and hence 
their lower discocellular is more simply developed and only shortly angled. Fore wing with two subcostal veins 
before the end of the cell, a small oblique middle discocellular and a large angled lower one, which as in Euploea 
and some other Satyrid- genera emits a blind vein proximally. Acrophthalmia differs from Ypthima and Xois 
in not having the median and submedian swollen, only the costal being inflated. But few species, small, deli¬ 
cate butterflies of predominantly white colouring, which all bear an ocellus on the underside. Their area of 
distribution is the Philippines, from whence they have probably reached Celebes and the Moluccas. One conti¬ 
nental species hitherto united with it is shown under the next genus ( PJiaria ) not to belong here. 
A. artemis is the only certain species of the genus and is distributed in about 5 branch-races over 
the Philippines and the neighbouring islands. —■ leuce Fldr. (90 e), found by me in northern Celebes near Toli- leuce. 
Toli, November—December, in the lower scrub at the edges of the woods, where they fly like Ypthima and rest 
on twigs and leaves. Upper surface rather dark grey-brown, leaving a broad whitish median area on each 
wing. — lacrima Fruhst. (= chionides Nicev.), somewhat smaller than leuce, is above so broadly grey-brown lacrima. 
that only a very narrow white median area remains. On the underside of the hindwing the brown median zig¬ 
zag line is absent, which is distinctly shown on the figure of leuce. Sula Mangoli, discovered by W. Doherty 
October-November. — - chione Fldr. (93 f), from the North Moluccas, is essentially larger than leuce, but simi- chione. 
larly coloured. The distal border of both wings, however, is deeper brown, the median area more extended and 
purer white, ocelli of the under surface and their accessory eye-spot somewhat more distinct than in leuce. In 
my collection from Halmaheira and Batjan, according to Hewitson also on Morty or Morotai, Oberthur 
says on Andai, New Guinea. The latter locality still requires confirmation. According to Pa geystecher it has 
been found by Kukenthal on the Uliassers *). — artemis F/dr. has the largest white median area of all the Phi- artemis. 
lippine races; according to Semper the underside has the ocelli somewhat differently pupilled and the zigzag line 
removed further from the eye-spots. Apparently not very common on Luzon. Flies'April to July. — misarte Semp. misarte. 
inhabits Mindoro and is a darkened island race of the preceding, with the white discal area of both wings reduced, 
light grey bordering and the median line on the underside of the hindwing removed somewhat nearer 
still to the base. Flies in December, rare. — ochine Semp., from Samar, Leyte and Panaon, agrees ochine. 
above with chione Fldr. from the Moluccas and also bears occasionally a green gloss, which is said to 
occur in chione. The submarginal line on the under surface somewhat more undulate than in chione. 
— machares subsp. nov. differs from artemis in having a considerably broader dark brown border on the upper machares. 
surface and beneath in the more uniform and more extended white area, which is anteriorly rounded, particu¬ 
larly towards the costal region of the forewing. Bazilan; February, March; collected by W. Doherty. — leto Ido. 
Semp., from Bohol, is almost entitled to specific rank, but apparently only differs above in having the fore wing 
filled up with yellow. On the hindwing the yellow tinge only extends on to the transcellular region. Likewise 
rare. Flies in December and January. 
4. Genus: Pharia gen. nov. 
The single species of this hitherto unrecognized genus inhabits western China and was discovered by 
me in Tonkin. Pharia, indeed, in common with Acroplitalmia has only the costal inflated, the median and 
submedian showing no swelling at all; yet it is so sharply separated from it in neuration as is the case in few 
allied genera. In the first place the scent-fold on the hindwing is wanting in the <$<$, and the the middle 
and lower discocellular of the short, broad cell of the hindwing are of normal, simplest structure, the middle 
discocellular somewhat shorter than the lower. On the forewing the lower discocellular is not incurved, 
but runs obliquely distad as in Xois. 
Ph. thalia Leech {v ol. 1, p. 80, pi. 29 a). A single example of this butterfly, hitherto only known from Omi thalia. 
Shan, flying in July, was detected by me from the environs of Langson, North Tonkin, June to July. 
5. Genus: Hypocysta Westw. 
A well defined genus, which divides into two principal groups, easy to distinguish especially by the 
colouring, namely the Australian, grouped round irius, which Fab rictus already knew, of the typical Australian 
*) This locality is most probably a mistake for Batjan or Ternate. 
