300 
ZIPOETIS: CALLEREBIA. By H. Frtthstorfer, 
11. Genus: Zipoetis Hew. 
An apparently nearly extinct genus, which has not yet been discovered outside the confines of the 
Indian Empire, but may probably still- be expected from Tonkin. 
Structurally Zipoetis (Zipaetis nuct.) comes nearest Coenonympha , but only the costal vein is swollen, 
whilst there are other slight differences, e. g. the middle discocellular of the forewing is shorter than the straight 
lower discocellular. On the hindwing the precostal is worthy of note, its point being directed basad, not distad 
as in other genera. Only two species, both of which are rare. 
scyllax. Z. scyllax Hew. (94 c), above black with somewhat lighter distal border, which is traversed by 2 ante- 
terminal lines. On the underside of the hindwing the anterior ocellus is bi-pupilled. A rare butterfly, distributed 
from Sikkim toTenasserim and inhabiting the hot valleys, apparently nowhere ascending above 1000 m. It flies 
from April to November and its habits are the same as in Ypthima. 
snitis. Z. saitis Hew. never finds its way into continental collections, is unknown to me in nature and occurs 
in the mountains of South India from 300—1000 m. It is said to fly from April to September. Upper surface 
black with white obliquely placed subapical resp. submarginal bands, which are somewhat broader in the §, 
under surface with the eye-spots arranged nearly as in scyllax , but placed more in the middle of the cell, the 
anterior one being the largest. Larva on Ochlandra stridula (Thwaites). 
Erebia Group. 
This group, which is dominant in the Palearctic Region, sends off a few representatives only into southern China 
and the southern .slopes of the Himalayas. 
12. Genus: C'alic‘rel>isi Btlr. 
Distinguished from Erebia by having the cell of the forewing broader, the middle discocellular only 
feebly angled and the lower discocellular almost straight and transversely placed. The precostal arises exactly 
at the point of origin of the subcostal and the structure of the hindwing further differs from Erebia in having 
the middle and lower discocellular of the same length, while the former in Erebia is much shorter. The habits 
and distribution have been already discussed vol. 1, p. 93. 
narasingha. C. narasitigha Moore is one of the rarest Indian butterflies, and although described as long ago as 1857 
it has only once been found again, at Bernardmyo, Upper Burma, near the border of Yunnan, at an elevation of 
5400 ft. above sea-level. Above the species may be compared with. Erebia cyclopius Ev. (vol. 1, pi. 35 c), but 
it is smaller and beneath, similar to Ypthima megalomma Btlr. (vol. 1, pi. 34c) and even more to Y. megalia Nicev., 
and thus it came about that it was originally taken by Moore for an Ypthima and placed in that genus. Fore¬ 
wing with a black, bi-pupilled, yellow-ringed apical ocellus, hindwing unicolorous grey, finely striated with 
black and otherwise without a trace of any marking or of ocelli. 
mani. C. mani Nicev. (vol. 1, p. 110) above resembles jasciata Hew., which is figured in the Palearctic part 
(vol. 1, pi. 35 e), and the red area of the forewing does not extend on to the hindwing. The species ascends in 
Ladak (Kashmir) to 13 000 ft. 
kalinda. C. kalinda Moore above somewhat resembles maracandica Ersch. (vol. 1, pi. 35 e), but the reddish 
parts of the upper surface are yellowish and less broadly diffused. Underside of the forewing with the exception 
of the costal and submarginal areas red-brown, ocellus larger, bordered with lighter yellow than in maracandica, 
hindwing grey-brown, with very numerous delicate submarginal dots, placed at approximately equal distances. 
From 9—13 000 ft. in the western Himalayas, local, but not rare in places. Niceville found it at the Nilang 
pass at an elevation of 16 000 ft. 
shallada. C. shallada Lang (vol. 1, pi. 35 b) is somewhat larger than kalinda Moore, the reddish brown spots 
on the upperside of both wings smaller and deeper coloured and sharply separated from the eye-spot of the 
forewing. The iris of the ocellus less distinct. From the valley of the Upper Ganges, from about 2000—2500 m. 
on grassy slopes. Common in May at Dalhousie, and flying there even in the dense forests together with kalinda. 
hyagriva. C. hyagriva Moore (vol. 1, p. 110), locally very common, at Mussourie, but only in August—September, 
on grassy mountain-slopes, also in Kashmir and the Kumaon Himalayas, but there local and rare. 
nirmala. C. ni mi ala Moore (93 f) has been already discussed in the Palearctic part. Very common in the western 
Himalayas, where it is met with both in wet and rocky districts, and from 1000—2500 m. It is on the wing on 
intermedia, cloudy and even rainy days. — As intermedia Moore (vol. 1, pi. 35 b) has been described a form with distinct 
ccishapa. median ocelli on the hindwing beneath and as cashapa Moore the Kashmir form has been separated, in which 
