308 
AULOCERA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
Kashmir butterflies, lehana was discovered by Dr. Stoliczka and flies at Leh from June to September at 
elevations of 12-—15 000 ft. The $$ are larger than the figure in vol. I, and the anal ocellus of the fore- 
baldiva. wing always smaller. — baldiva Moore is a darker race, with somewhat narrower ochre-coloured band on 
the upperside of the wings and white-pupilled ocelli on the forewing. It was discovered by Col. Lang, on 
the bare, brown, stony mountain-slopes of Spiti in Tibet, where it flies on hot days in June and July at 
esquilinus. elevations of 7—10 000 ft. —As esquilinus subsp. nov. is described the geographical form from Alai, circu¬ 
lating as lehana , which differs from lehana from Kashmir in its small size, the ochre-coloured longitudinal 
band of the forewing, which, particularly in the §, is proximally strongly incised and more sharply defined, 
and the much darker uniform brown under surface not lightened with whitish yellow inclines more to the 
Turkestan Race, whilst examples from Tianshan nearly approach the true lehana beneath, clarissima Seitz is 
near lehana Moore, except that in lehana the bands are still broader. West China. 
pcrscphone. E. persephone Hhn. (= antlie O.). This beautiful, variable and abundant Anterior Asiatic race has 
likewise found its way across Persia to Afghanistan, where Col. Swinhoe met with it at Kandahar in May. 
heydenreichi. E. heydersreichi. This magnificent Central Asiatic species occurs at Kashmir in the Indian Region, 
shandura. where shandura Marsh., figured vol. I, pi. 42 d, was discovered on the Shandur plateau at about 13 000 ft. 
hegesander. An unusually dark race. — hegesander subsp. nov. has recently been observed in Tianshan. In this the white 
median bands of both wings are almost twice as broad as in heydenreichi from Alai and the figure in vol. I on 
pi. 42 d, and the under surface is marbled with yellow instead of black-brown. 
parisatis. E. parisatis Roll, is in size similar to our fagi Scop., but by reason of its characteristic colouring 
(the sharp contrast of the white distal border of both wings to the ground-colour), which varies from black- 
brown in the $3 to slate-grey in the $$, one of the most striking of the Satyrids. Like our fagi the species 
is nowhere rare. The Indian Region produces two local races, which were first correctly separated by Seitz, 
for neither Niceville nor Bingham and Moore mention the fundamental difference between parisatis Roll., 
with narrow white band on the upper surface and thread-like longitudinal band on the under (vol. I, pi. 44 e), 
macroph- and. macrophthalmus Evers., with gigantic ocelli, which are also still more broadly margined with light yel- 
thalmus. ] ow _ an( j m0 re prominant white median band. All the above named writers on the Indian butterflies figure 
macrophthalmus. I have before me large series of parisatis from the Indian North-West Provinces and of 
macrophthalmus from Kashmir from 10—14 000 ft. 
diffusa. E. semele diffusa Btlr. This offshoot of our common semele L. is a great rarity and was once taken 
in the North-West Provinces; it differs from its European sister-race in the reduction of all the red-brown 
patches and the darkening of the under surface. 
The description of a few Palearctic forms, which stand in the closest relationship to the preceding 
Indian species, is here added: 
minutianus. E. regeli minutianus subsp. nov. Allied to corlana Stgr., but easy to distinguish from it by the broad¬ 
er black median bands of the wings and. in particular by having the ocelli of the forewing almost half as 
large again. Moreover the anal eye-spot of the hindwing above is larger than in examples from Naryn and 
Tianshan. Common in Alai. 
orchomenus. E. autonoe orchomenus subsp. nov. differs from examples from Turkestan and those from Naryn 
in its larger size and its lighter wings (as in alcyone ), which show a yellowish submarginal area round the 
ocelli in the $ also. Under surface washed-out pale grey. $ very large as in cordula milada from Zermatt, 
with a light yellow antemarginal area on both wings. From Tianshan. 
aristonicus. E. geyeri aristonicus subsp. nov. is much smaller than the form from Anatolia and Armenia. Upper 
surface lighter grey; under surface of the hindwing with more indistinct markings and more indistinct un¬ 
dulate lines. From Amasia. 
23. Genus: Aulocera Btlr. 
A sharply defined genus even in the uniform shape and colouring of its few species, while in its struc¬ 
ture it is the best characterized of all the series of forms grouped round Eumenis and Minois. In the first 
place the cell of the forewing is strikingly long, recalling that of Brintesia, and the markings also agree most 
with circe, the only species of the latter genus. Aulocera has the cystose costal in common with Minois, Brin¬ 
tesia and Raranasa, but differs from all the genera or subgenera hitherto united under Satyrus in the distally 
angled lower discocellular of the forewing and still more in the extremely narrow cell of the hindwing, which 
is scarcely half as long. The precostal of the hindwing arises as in Raranasa at the bend of the subcostal 
Eyes not hairy. 
The species of the genus are predominantly Palearctic and where they pass over into the subtropical 
and tropical region they only inhabit high alpine districts. 
