ORINOMA. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
‘509 
The genital clasping-organs differ very considerably from those of Eumenis in the absence of the thin, 
pointed, lateral clasps, in place of which there is a thick, obtuse, almost straight and sharp-edged ridge. More¬ 
over the valve is more deeply excised than in European Eumenis, densely long-haired, basally with a strong 
protuberance. 
A. brahminus Blanch, (vol. I, p. 122, pi. 41 c) is the smallest Indian species, and is easy to recog- brahminus. 
nize by the narrow white longitudinal band of both wings, which is sometimes completely obliterated to¬ 
wards the anal angle of the hindwing. This form is scylla Btlr., which was discovered near Nepal, but also scylla. 
occurs in the Kumaon Himalayas, where Doherty met with it at elevations of 12—16 000 ft. He, however, 
regards scylla as a separate species, as it flies together with brahminus and is also said to show differences in 
the clasping-organs. The two forms are here united on Bingham’s authority. —■ brahminoides Moore is the brahmi- 
race of the collective species which is most commonly brought to Europe; it has a purer white median band, no,,lrs - 
especially beneath, than brahminus, which occurs in the North-West Provinces, in Kashmir and Kulu, 
whilst brahminoides is confined to Bhotan and Sikkim. — werang Lang (vol. I, p. 122) is dusted and splashed werang. 
with brown on the hindwing and exclusively inhabits the western slopes of the Himalayas. 
A. swaha is the commonest species of the genus and it is curious that its interesting geographical 
variation has not been noticed by English authors. The typical subspecies swaha Roll. (vol. I, pi. 41 d upper swaha. 
surface) was described from Kashmir, from whence I have it in my collection from elevations of 14—15 000 ft. 
Both sexes bear a relatively narrow light yellow median band, which, however, is always white on the un¬ 
derside of the hindwing. — In garuna subsp. nov. (94 c) this band is widened and is always yellowish parti- garuna. 
crdarly beneath. Common in Kulu, from whence by mistake its larva was also reported as being found 
on a wild blue iris, which is clearly incorrect. — tellula subsp. nov. I have received from the neighbour- tellula. 
hood of Mardan, North-West Provinces; the band on the upper surface is about intermediate between swaha 
from Kashmir and garuna from Kulu, from both of which it may be distinguished by having the longitu¬ 
dinal band of both wings uniform pale straw-yellow, whilst in the other races the darker yellow of the fore¬ 
wing forms a sharp contrast to the whitish or quite white colour on the hindwing. Especially in the $ the 
under surface of tellula is also similarly wliite-banded. 
A. padma, like brahminus, splits up into two geographical Himalayan races, of which padma Roll, padma. 
(vol. I, pi. 41 f.) inhabits the north-western part and occurs in two generations, the first flying in May and 
June at the edge of oak-and rhododendron-forests on the peaks of the mountains at altitudes of 8—11 000 ft. 
A second brood appears in July and prefers the lower levels from 3—4000 ft. — chumbica Moore (94 c) is the chumbica. 
westerly race, originally described from the Chumbi Valley in Native Sikkim, but recently received from 
Bhotan in large numbers. On the upper surface the longitudinal bands are pure white and scarcely half as 
broad as in padma, but beneath they are partially suffused with dark yellow. Flies August to September 
and at elevations of about 3—4000 m. — Examples from the North-West Provinces a heady show a darker 
colouring on the under surface and bear narrower bands than Kashmir specimens and are somewhat smaller; 
on the other hand verres subsp. nov. is considerably larger than the Kashmir form, and the under surface verves. 
of both wings is lighter and more copiously irrorated with white. From June to August from 6—7000 ft., 
locally common in West China. 
A. loha Doh. (vol. I, pi. 41 f), for the specific right of which its author strongly contends, is essen- tolm. 
tially different from padma and. chumbica, to judge from examples before me from Bhotan and Sikkim, which, 
however, are not typical; from the former in the absence of the proximal white subapical patches of the 
forewing, from the latter in the much broader longitudinal bands. However, my Sikkim more nearly 
approach chumbica than padma, with which latter they nevertheless agree more in their large size. But 
perhaps it is only a seasonal form, either of chumbica or of padma. Doherty found loha in the Kumaon 
Himalayas in August—September from 3—4000 m. and Elwes observed it in Sikkim at Tonglo and Phallut 
at the same elevation in July above the pine-forests, where the butterflies flew vigorously round single trees, 
settled on the stems or occasionally on flower-heads. According to Leech it is common everywhere in West 
China. 
A. saraswati Roll. (vol. I, pi. 41 d) can be most easily and certainly distinguished from all the known saraswati. 
species by the rectilinear longitudinal band of both wings and by having the distal part of the hindwing 
beneath light brown, not black. The Gc? before me from Kulu differ quite considerably in having a much 
narrower white median area from the race discussed in the Palearctic part, which probably comes from 
Kashmir, saraswati shows a greater preference for the hotter and deeper valleys and apparently nowhere 
ascends above 2330 m. In Kulu, where it frequents thistle flowers, it occurs from July to the middle of 
October. 
24. Genus : Oriiioimi Gray. 
A monotypical genus, only containing one species of distinctive coloration, differing in the red-spotted 
cell of the fore wing from all the known Satyrids. In neuration Orinoma somewhat approaches Oeneis, with 
which it has in common the weakly thickened costal, the long narrow cell and the short upper discocellular 
