310 
RHAPHICERA; ARGE; SATYRUS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
of the forewing. On the other hand the short, broad cell of the hindwing differs from the Oeneis type and 
the straight middle and lower discocellulars point to a relationship with Coelites. The wing-contour is that of 
a Danaid. 
damaris. 0. damaris Gray (90 d) is beneath only somewhat paler and more copiously marked with yellow than 
above and the C<S have narrower wings than the figured $. The butterfly is distributed from the Kangra 
district and the Kumaon Himalayas to Assam and Upper Burma and appears to have two generations, 
for in Nepal, Sikkim, Bhotan and Assam it is found in the autumn, whilst from Burma and Tenasserim 
it is reported from May. damaris apparently nowhere exceeds the altitude of 2000 m., is local and always 
harmostus. rare. —- harmostus subsp. nov. is a smaller race with lighter yellow spots and more delicate black lines on 
both wings and in spite of its small size with more extended yellow circumcellular patches on the hindwing. 
Tenasserim, taken there by me at about 1600 m. at Tandong. 
25. Genus: Klingihicera Btlr. 
In habitus somewhat corresponding to our Pararge, it agrees with the preceding genus in not having 
the costal of the forewing thickened, but differs in the straight lower discocellular of the forewing, which 
is oblicpie distad, in the precostal of the hindwing arising at the point of origin of the subcostal (not distally 
to it) and the narrower cell of the hindwing, more recalling that of Lethe. Only 3 species described, which 
inhabit the Himalayas and western China and are everywhere rare. 
satricus. R. satricus Dbl. (vol. I, p. 88, 32 c), distributed from the Kumaon Himalayas to the Naga Hills 
in Assam, was observed in Sikkim and Bhotan from 2000 m. to about 2500 m., where the butterflies fly ra¬ 
pidly and erratically, are fond of settling on wet and dirty places and also on shady or damp rocks and 
fly quite as freely in cloudy and rainy weather as on sunny days. The $ is extraordinarily rare, although 
it served as type. In western China occurs a smaller and darker race, which, however, is unknown to me 
in nature. 
moorei. R. moorei Btlr. (vol. I, p. 88, pi. 32 c) somewhat recalls the European aegeria, is rather larger than 
this and smaller than satricus. In Sikkim it is very rare in the interior at altitudes of about 3000—3500 m. 
In the neighbourhood of Simla it occasionally occurs more commonly, flying there especially in August and 
even during the heaviest rains. 
dumicola. R. dumicola Oberth. (vol. I, p. 88, pi. 32 c) is placed by Moore in his genus Tatinga. But as there 
are no differences at all in neuration from Rhaphicera this name must sink. — dumicola occurs commonly 
in some places in West China, rarely in Central China. 
26. Genus: Arge Hbn. 
There are no tenable grounds at all for giving any other name to this genus, so well-known as Me- 
lanargia, for the fine name of Agapetes Billbg., adopted by Bingham, is about 4 years later than Hubner’s 
name. In the Indian Region only one species has been met with, and this only on the borders of Burma 
and China. 
A. halimede Men. was discovered by an Indian forestry official in Burma. The form occurring there 
nearly agrees in markings with montana Leech from the Yangtsekiang, except that from Bingham’s figure 
leda. it does not seem to be larger than A. leda Leech (39 d), of which a somewhat darker form from Yunnan has 
yunnana. been made known as yunnana Oberth. — pasiteles subsp. nov. is a race which connects halimede Men. with 
pas deles, lugens Hour., showing darker and broader black margins to the wings than Amur examples but not dusted 
over with brown. The under surface approaches that of lugens, but the ground-colour is pure white, with¬ 
out yellow admixture. As above broad., sharp, black submarginal bands stand out from the white ground. 
Shantung. 
27. Genus : Satyriis Latr. (= Pararge auct.). 
The clasping-organs somewhat recall those of the genus Erites, the uncus is relatively short, thick, 
laterally angled, the lateral clasps slightly undulate or quite horizontal. The valve pointed like a sword, 
narrow, with long bristles. Jullien’s rods have likewise been found in it, evidencing its relationship with the 
Eumenis and Maniola types. Forewing with the costal vein strongly inflated and the median less swollen. 
Precostal short, lower discocellular touching the point of origin of the middle median of the hindwing, by 
which a connection with the Lethe group of the Satyrids is established. Only 4 Indian species, which cannot 
be otherwise regarded than as Palearctic butterflies of Central Asia that have crossed the Himalayas and 
are slowly beginning to extend their range eastwards. 
