LETHE. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
315 
with very broad brown longitudinal bands, extremely washed-out grey markings, and indistinct eye-spots 
with extended blue pupils. In size neoclides is about midway between mansonia and sura from Assam. Formosa, 
from about 4000 ft., apparently very rare, as I have only received one —- daatensis Setup. , only known to me dual mule. 
from Semper’s figure, which agrees in size with mansonia , but shows broader black-brown bands and. the 
under surface of the wings more copiously decorated with blue. Only one $ yet found, at the peak of Monte 
Data from 2250 m., flying in August. North-West Luzon. 
L. sura Dbl. (99 a), the largest species of the group, is regarded by Bingham as identical with dura sura. 
Marsh., which is not improbable; but as both forms occur together in Bhotan and Burma I keep them separate. 
If, however, they are really identical, then dura and mansonia must be regarded as dry-season forms, as well 
as gammiei Moore. But I have before me in both sexes from Sikkim evident dry-season forms of sura, which 
have nothing in common with dura, sura is met with in Sikkim in the woods from June to November at about 
8000 ft., either resting on the path or on low growths. When started up the butterflies settle on tree-trunks, 
where they are difficult to distinguish in the darkness. Distributed from Bhotan to Assam and Upper Burma, 
where Doherty found it still common at Bernardmyo at 2000 m. 
Group Lethe. 
Only distinguishable from the preceding group by having the cell of the forewing always somewhat broader, and as a 
rule also shorter. The length or shortness of the cell, however, differs from species to species. Clasping-organs similar to those 
of Melanitis. Uncus without lateral clasps. — Valve very long and narrow, distally with the tip curved down without 
dorsal protuberance. Saccus broad at the base. 
a) Without sexual spots. 
L. rohria is a relatively small, widely distributed species, which was already known to Fabricius and 
described by him from India. Aurivillius thinks the name rohria ought to be transferred to the South Indian 
dyrta Fldr., which may be cpiite justifiable, but the example of the Palearctic payt is followed here, in order not 
to suppress the well-known name and introduce discrepancies into the text. — rohria F. (vol. 1, p. 84, pi. 30e) rohria. 
covers the w'hole of India from the Kumaon Himalayas, flying at elevations of 1200—7000 ft. and frequent¬ 
ing roads and the edges of woods. According to Niceville the spring generation is distinguished by the brighter 
colour of the under surface; from the wet-season specimens before me I should describe the latter as larger 
and with more extended and more glossy whitish violet bands beneath. — ganibara subsp. nov. is the Assam gambara. 
race, which perhaps occurs in the same form also in West China, and which may lie distinguished from Sikkim 
examples by the larger size, the brighter white, more band-like subapical spots on the forewing above and by 
having the ocelli on the underside of the hindwing larger and especially with more intensive, broader, and brighter 
yellow bordering. Wood-Mason already called attention in 1887 to the delicious vanilla odour which is emitted 
by the <$$, a fact which likewise struck me in 1899 inHong-Kong. Nevertheless the bodies taste extremely bitter on 
the tongue. — apara subsp. nov. is a degenerate form; examples of both sexes which belong here are not only a para. 
smaller, but the white oblique band of the forewing is also narrower, the eye-spots of the under surface become 
smaller and the violet-white longitudinal bands begin to disappear. Tenasserim from 4000 ft.; Tonkin from 
June to August from 300—600 m.; Hong-Kong; Hainan. — enima subsp. nov. (97 a) inhabits Sumatra and is enima. 
at once distinguished by having the white band of the forewing almost twice as broad and the ocelli only minute 
and bordered with yellow-grey instead of whitish violet. £ moreover strikingly pale red-brown. According to 
Martin the $$ of this species are not much rarer than the <$<$ and according to Hagen large numbers of enima 
enliven the Battak Plateau in the interior of the island, forming quite a feature of the landscape, with its savan¬ 
nahs overgrown with lalang grass. — godana subsp. nov., smaller in size, with a more yellowish, very narrow godana. 
band on the forewing and reddish instead of black under surface. The eye-spots only with dull and obscure 
yellow-grey bordering. Very common in Java, where it is the first butterfly to meet the traveller on his ascent 
of the mountains, when he has passed the first 1000 m. In Mussourie, India, rohria occurs in two generations, 
first in April and May, and again August to October. 
L. europa, already discussed, in the Palearctic part, is one of the few Lethe which descend to the alluvial 
plains, a true village butterfly and to be found wherever there are bamboo hedges. Fabricius gave America 
as habitat of his type, which Butler was the first to correct, substituting Java, where the butterfly is indeed, 
very common. If then the Javan branch-race is regarded as the name-type, some of the offshoots of the species 
occurring outside the Malay islands must be separated. But the $$ of all the forms have in common a slightly 
broken, rather broad white band and nearly wedge-shaped ocelli, pressed flat, as it were, on the underside of 
the hindwing. The continental Indian race may be separated as niladana subsp. nov.; the ^ is marked nearly niladana. 
as nudgara, but is smaller. Distributed from the Kumaon Himalayas to Burma, known everywhere as a lover 
of the shade and also of sweets. In Siam I took a strongly aberrant form, which probably occurs exclusively 
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