316 
LETHE. By H. Frith storfer. 
gada. in the rainless period, in which season I collected it. — gada form. nov. is above easily recognizable by the larger 
yellow-grey patches and the broader yellow-grey distal border, of both wings, which is very striking, especially 
as the examples are relatively of small size. $ with narrow white oblique band on the forewing. Under surface 
of the forewing with almost white, instead of yellowish subapical transverse bands. Siam and Tonkin in January 
ragalva. and again from August onwards. — ragalva subsp. nov. is an absolute contrast to the preceding, forewing beneath 
traversed by a dark brown-yellow oblique band. Under surface of the hindwing likewise altogether. darker, 
nudgara. ocelli smaller, margined with dingy brown. Larva on bamboo. South India, Karwar. — nudgara subsp. nov. 
(96 c) is the largest branch race before me, at the same time bearing also the broadest white band of the forewing 
tamuna. in the $£. Andamans. Common near Port Blair. — tamuna Nicev. is a rare race from the Nicobars, only, one 
9 as yet discovered, showing an ochre-yellow, instead of white band on the forewing (perhaps discoloured by 
moisture ?) but the form also differs further in having the band of the forewing distally more broken up, the 
europa. yellow distal border broader and the median band of the hindwing more strongly angled. — europa F. (96 d) 
is the Macromalayan subspecies, in addition to the large islands also from Bawean and Nias in my collection, 
likewise known fromKangean. — Essentially different is the form from the island of Engano, which I would here 
kumara. call kuniara subsp. nov. The $ is characterized above by the white band of the forewing being only inappreciably 
broken, and hence almost rectilinear, and the apical ocellus of the hindwing in both sexes is almost twice as large 
as in Javan specimens and in the $ exceptionally distinctly margined with pure white. Rare, only found in April. 
- Towards the east europa first changes appreciably on Lombok. The form from this island is here introduced 
tnahama ya. as mall a may a subsp. nov. (96 d), $ characterized above by having the white transverse band rapidly narrowing 
posteriorly and strongly incised distally and beneath by the yellow tinge, especially on the forewing, which is not 
brought out correctly on the figure, accompanied by a weakening of the black cell-dots. Lombok, from the 
pavida. coast up to the plateau of Sambalun (4000 ft.). — pavida Fruhst., from Formosa, is a smaller and darker re¬ 
production of the continental form, under surface easily recognizable by the less developed white or yellowish 
ahica. longitudinal bands. Common on the whole island, as also on Hainan. — alaca subsp. nov. is the branch from 
the Philippines, which I have before me only from Palawan, but which probably also occurs identically on the 
other southern Philippine Islands. According to Semper europa flies there all the year round, alaca is beneath 
easy to distinguish by the unusually large and strongly elbowed white median band of the hindwing, which is 
bcroe. proximally bordered by very small ocelli. — beroe Cr. is the Chinese representative of the collective species, 
and is not known to me in nature, but according to Cramer’s figure is distinguished by very large and uniform 
cevanna. black ocelli on the hindwing of the $$. South China. — cevanna subsp. nov., judging by $ examples from 
Mindanao in coll. Staudinger, is the largest of all the insular races; it shows signs of island malanism 
in having the oblique band of the fore wing narrow and appreciably darkened with yellowish. 
L. arete, which by earlier authors was united with europa or confused with it, is doubtless the eastern 
representative of the western L. europa, but can stand as a species on account of the different shape of the 
wings and the round instead, of apical ocelli of the hindwing. At the same time it must be admitted that- the 
hitherto unknown South Celebes form presents in a measure a transition from arete to europa mahamaya Fruhst. 
arete, from Lombok, arete Cr. (96 d), the name-type, inhabits the South Moluccan islands of Amboina, Ceram and the 
Uliassers and is also in my collection from Buru. The chief difference from europa consists in the absence of the 
yellowish or white oblique band on the underside of the forewing, of which only a small vestige remains at the 
costal margin. $ above as in europa with a very broad white transverse band on the forewing, which is basally 
arcuata. excurved far proximad between the medians. This is most pronounced in arcuata Btlr., from North Celebes, 
whose $ differs from that of arete in its larger size and the cpiite thin median band on the underside of both 
anatha. wings. Collected by me at Toli-Toli and the adjacent islet of Lutungen, in November and December. - — anatha 
subsp. nov. is smaller than arcuata, above darker blue-grey, the subapical spots of the forewing obsolescent, 
all the ocelli of the under surface more compressed, but with strikingly broad, bright, glossy whitish violet 
advipa. bordering. Sida Mangoli, collected by Doherty (October, November). — advipa subsp. nov. occurs on the 
North Moluccas: Batjan, Halmaheira and Ternate; it is always smaller than arete from Amboina, and the fore¬ 
wing is traversed by a narrower white band. Ocelli on the underside of the hindwing essentially smaller, but 
relitra. more than twice as broadly margined with light earth-brown. — velitra subsp. nov. inhabits Sangir, approaches 
arcuata from Celebes, is almost as large as this, but bears much narrower white subapical bands in the $$ than 
nagarctja. arcuata and even advipa. — Furthest removed from the arete type is the hitherto unnoticed South Celeban na- 
garaja subsp. nov. <$ above more distinctly spotted with yellowish white than arcuata, smaller, beneath with 
the ocelli as compressed as in anatha. $ differing not only from the $ but also from all the other arete races in 
having the ground-colour above light grey and beneath light, washed-out yellow-brown. Forewing with a nar¬ 
row whitish band, strongly broken beyond the cell, ocelli of the hindwing also above conspicuously bordered with 
yellowish brown. Pupils of the ocelli on the under surface yellow, not brown as in arcuata, and beautiful red- 
brown longitudinal bands standing out in vivid contrast to the pale ground-colour. South Celebes, collected 
by me from the neighbourhood of the waterfall of Maros up to 1000 m. at the peak of Bonthain. 
L. dyrta, probably the rohria of Fabricius, is one of the few species of which the earlier stages are 
known. The species is more widely distributed than was formerly supposed and its insular and local variation 
