LETHE. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
323 
branch race from southern Kiushiu, described from Nagasaki, and showing, according to examples in my col¬ 
lection, scarcely even the vestiges of a median band on the underside of the forewing. — - fixseni Btlr. designates fixseni. 
the subspecies from Korea. — diana is the only Lethe which bears a long hair-tuft on the underside of the fore¬ 
wing, placed below the submedian. 
L. scanda Moore (97 e). A conspicuous, easily recognizable and completely isolated species, and the scanda. 
only Lethe with distal blue reflection. The $ is so different from the $ that it has already been twice treated 
and described as a separate species (= nada Moore , dirphia Druce ). $ above black-brown with two yellowish 
costal patches and two black intramedian dots on the hindwing. Under surface nearly alike in both sexes, 
dark red-brown with a paler, slightly oblique median band on the forewing, which in the $ may be called nearly 
whitish. Hindwing with six white-pupilled ocelli. Hitherto known from Bhotan, Sikkim and Assam, not 
rare in dense forests from 6—8000 ft. from June to September. The $ is very sluggish and does not fly freely. 
L. bhairava Moore (97 e), recorded from the same localities and the Naga Hills in Assam, above re- bhairava. 
sembles the $ of scanda, the sexes are coloured alike on the upper surface, a dull, dark coffee-brown; forewing 
with three rounded yellowish patches beyond the cell. Forewing with a black quadrate spot of modified scales 
at the submedian, hindwing with a patch of androconia beyond the cell and a tuft of glossy black hairs at the 
middle median. Flies from May to August and from 5—6000 ft. Niceville says that the £ is not rarer than 
the (J, but I have no examples before me, whilst over 20 <$<$ have been sent to me from Bhotan. 
L. gulnihal one might be tempted to regard as an extreme dry-season form of bhairava if it did not 
itself occur in two sharply defined broods. Colouring as in bhairava, habitus essentially smaller, inner margin 
of the forewing convex as in a Euploea, hindwing above with a scent-area in the costal region much as in Calli- 
ploea and along the second median an androconial patch with glossy long hairs. — gulnihal Nicev., described gulnihal. 
from Bhotan, is extraordinarily rare. Concerning its habits nothing is known, $ not yet discovered. — peguana peguana. 
Moore is beneath brighter and richer ochre-yellowish brown, the black hairy fur on the upperside of the hind¬ 
wing more extended, ocelli on the under surface smaller, issa form. nov. differs from peguana, the type of which issa. 
belonged to the rainy season, in the paler brown upper surface, from which the scent-pencil of the hindwing 
stands out twice as sharply, and in the almost unmarked, uniform yellow-grey under surface, on which all the 
longitudinal bands and ocelli begin to disappear, peguana was collected by me at Tandong, Tenasserim at 
about 4000 ft. in May, whilst I received issa through Niceville from Saipha in Upper Burma (taken in March). 
The $ of peguana was found by Doherty in the Karen Hills, Tenasserim; it is lighter brown than the <d and 
shows yellowish patches on the forewing like the $ of bhairava. Ocelli of the hindwing showing through above. 
L. latiaris occurs in Sikkim in two generations, the first appearing in April and May, the second in 
October. The highest altitude to which the species is known to ascend is 8000 ft. There are two geographical 
branches to be mentioned: latiaris Hew., from Sikkim to Assam, upper surface grey-brown, forewing only latiaris 
slightly convex, with a long patch of androconia at the submedian, hindwing with another very long, narrow 
patch, which is set as in gulnihal and bhairava. Hindwing of the <$ rounded, that of the $ with distinct tail; 
$ with a yellowish oblique band on the forewing and as in the <$ with the apical ocellus of the hindwing show¬ 
ing through from the under surface. — perimele subsp. nov. (97 c) is smaller than the preceding; $ with whi- perimele. 
tish transverse band and a whitish subapical spot on the forewing, also a row of five black eye-spots on the 
upperside of the hindwing. Under surface light grey-yellow with the longitudinal and oblique bands much 
narrower and the eye-spots on the hindwing scarcely half as large. Tandong, Tenasserim, May, collected by 
me at elevations of 4000 ft. 
L. syrcis forms with the next species a separate group, recognizable by the absence of sexual spots 
and by the rounded hindwing. The lower discocellular, however, as in all true Lethe, touches the fork of the 
upper and middle median. Two local races: syrcis Heiv. (vol. 1, pi. 31 b, c); widely distributed in China, known syrcis. 
from Ningpo to Mupin, flying in June and July; — and diunaga Fruhst. (98 e); smaller and above deeper diunaga. 
grey-brown than the syrcis described by He wit son from North China. The black ocelli of the hindwing much 
larger, less distinctly ringed with yellow. Under surface: essentially darker, ground-colour more brown instead 
of yellow-grey and the longitudinal bands, particularly those of the hinclwing, red instead of yellow-brown. 
The antemarginal bands of both wings much broader, smoke-brown instead of light grey. Tonkin, Montes 
Mauson, April to May at about 3000 ft., coll. Frtthstorfer. syrcis is one of the most beautiful species of 
Lethe known, a purely Chinese species, which is here recorded for the first time outside of China (only, however, 
from a frontier-mountain, of which the northern flank is under Chinese and its southern slopes under French 
rule). 
L. gemina Leech (vol. 1, p. 85, pi. 31 c), a very rare species from Omeishan and Mupin. Flies in June. 
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