334 
MYCALESIS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
wing with small apical spot and larger elegantly white-pupilled anal ocellus. Hindwing with three to four 
pitana. eye-spots, of which the subanal is the largest. — pitana Stgr. is a melanotic race, with the distal border 
of the forewing so broad that the black median ocellus is covered by it and hence obliterated. Base of 
both wings broadly suffused with dark brown, on the other hand the black border at the inner margin 
of the forewing is absent. Under surface with more complete rows of ocelli on both wings. Kina Balu, North 
Borneo. 
anapUa. M. anapita Moore , described from Sumatra, also known from Perak, Banka and Billiton and in my 
collection from North and South-East Borneo, is somewhat smaller than marginata, with distinct, white- 
dotted median ocellus on the forewing and especially in the $ with the black distal border of the hind¬ 
wing absent. The hindwing bears also above a row of three to four eye-spots, which increase in size from 
the costal region to the hinder angle. The black border at the inner margin of the forewing not so ex¬ 
tended as in marginata. Under surface of the forewing with two small eye-spots, hindwing with seven 
slightly larger ones. On the plains in grassy places in the woods and at river-banks; not higher than to 
the foot of the mountain-spurs; in general much rarer than the black-brown species, but occasionally some¬ 
what more common locally. The eggs are laid singly; they are yellowish white and smaller than the 
white-green eggs of mineus , horsfieldi and janardana . The larvae when first hatched are entirely white, but 
have a black head. They would not take the common species of grass, and like those of horsfieldi had to 
be provided with a selection of rare Gramineae, in which they soon found food to their taste; bamboo 
and several species of reed they absolutely refused. The larvae feed also by day and are not so sluggish 
as those of janardana. After the third moult they exchange their greenish youthful dress for a delicate 
greyish rose-colour and henceforth prefer to remain below on the stalks, whilst they formerly also rested 
above on the leaves. The full-grown larva is 32 mm. long and has a black head with very fine, dense hairs 
and with some dark yellow spots; the points at the head and anus are short and obtuse, lighter on the 
dorsal than on the ventral side; it bears a fine, blackish, white-margined dorsal line and above the legs a 
lighter lateral line, between the two some more or less distinct black spots. Before pupation, for which the lar¬ 
vae attach themselves to green, by preference horizontal stalks or leaves, the greyish rose-colour changes 
into a grass-green. The pupa is green with pointed elevation on the thorax and a fine, brown-red, white- 
bordered line above the inner margin of the wings; some fine, whitish undulate lines run transversely over 
the wings and it is further adorned with symmetrical brown-red spots. It is slenderer and more pointed 
than the pupa of mineus. After 9 or 10 days the butterfly emerges between 9 and 10 o’clock in the 
fucentia. morning (Martin). — fuceiltia subsp. nov. is the Borneo race, which like pitana also shows a melanotic 
tendency in the widening of the black distal border on both wings, but especially the hindwing. 
M. ita is one of the most interesting species known, inhabiting the whole of the Philippine Archi- 
ita. pelago and varying in the colour of the hair-pencils and androconia on the several islands. — ita Fldr., the 
most northerly branch of the collective species, nearly approaches jolana (92 d), but the fore wing bears much 
as in patnia Moore a light median patch of red-yellow colour on the forewing and a submarginal yellowish 
area on the hindwing. Under surface of the forewing with brownish apical area, otherwise light grey like 
the hindwing. Fore wing further with large, light yellow-bordered anal eye-spot, hindwing with a row of 7 
eye-spots, of which the apical and the subanal one are a little larger than the rest. Scent-pencil black, the 
androconia at the submarginal of the forewing beneath red-brown. Flies from April to July, and again No¬ 
vember to February. Luzon; examples taken in July in the mountains darker than those from the low- 
sinonia. lands. — sinonia subsp. nov. is larger and darker than the name-type from Luzon. Habitat Mindoro. A $ 
in coll. Semper from Bataan is near sinonia, but differs in the larger yellow bordering of the anal eye-spot 
teatus. on the forewing. — teatus subsp. nov. is the form furthest removed from the Luzon type, and comes from 
the small island of Guimaras to the south of Panay, where also a very different race of Culapa tagala occurs. 
The posterior half of the hindwing above is light reddish instead of yellowish, and the under surface is 
lighter than in ita. Semper hesitated to found a new species on the individuals in question on account of 
felderi. the poor condition of his examples. — In felderi Btlr., which lies before me from Bazilan, the customary 
darkening of both wings, almost always found in the South Philippine forms, is distinctly appreciable. The 
upper surface becomes dark red-brown with indistinct brown bordering to the ocelli and slight reddish tinge 
on the anal part of the hindwing. Under surface likewise with an increase of the cocoa-brown apical shade. 
Scent-scales dark grey. Flies from July to November. Mindanao and Siargao. In my collection from Ba- 
jolana. zilan, taken in February and March. — jolana Fruhst. (92 d) represents the most primitive ita-iorm. The 
scale-cavity at the submarginal of the forewing beneath is scarcely recognizable, flat and covered with light 
grey androconia. : upper surface lighter grey than in felderi from Bazilan, anal ocelli of the forewing sur¬ 
rounded by a proximally broader and lighter stripe. Ocelli ringed with lighter reddish yellow. Under sur¬ 
face: except for the blackish apical part particularly fine light grey, without any yellowish tone, which all 
palawensis. the other ita forms show. — palawensis Fruhst. bears yellowish scent-pencil on the hindwing and red-brown 
androconia. The form is also easy to separate by the uniformly red-brown basal colouring of the upperside 
in the $<3 and the uniform grey-brown colouring of the which show a yellowish proximal crescent-shaped 
bordering to the broadly yellow-margined ocellus of the fore wing and a yellow-brown foreground to the eye- 
