340 
MYCALESIS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
above are deep black-brown, in sard reddish ochre-yellow. $ of splendens above dull brown, that of sara dark 
ochre-yellow, sara was found by Ribbe on the Solomon Island Rubiana. 
Concerning the two following Philippine species, on which Moore founded his genus „Nebdara,“ 
some uncertainty still prevails. Semper was inclined to recognize two parallel species, which be separates by 
the distal or proximal position of the ocelli. To judge from the scanty material hitherto brought to Europe, two 
main forms can actually be separated. Thus I have before me from Mindoro Mycalesis with clearer light brown 
base, yellowish abdomen and narrow wings (tagala) and others with uniformly dark ground-colour, brown 
abdomen and rounded wings ( bisaya). Male scent-pencils of the tagala series yellowish, of the bisaya series 
grey-brown, conformably with the ground-colour. The submarginal lines on the underside of the hindwing in 
the bisaya series stand out more distinctly than in the tagala races. But as my 11 examples from four loca¬ 
lities permit of no exact definition, I let Semper’s specific division stand, leaving the question open whether 
we are not really dealing with pronounced seasonal forms of one collective species. 
tagala. M. tagala is the species that occurs throughout the archipelago, of which tagala Fldr., described from 
Luzon, is the most northerly offshoot. Flies in July and again in December. Upper surface a mixture of grey- 
yellowish to olive-green. Forewing with a median ocellus, hindwing with an eye-spot between the middle and 
lower median veins. Under surface with an apical ocellus on the forewing and one on the hindwing. All the 
eye-spots proximally bordered by a grey-yellow longitudinal band. On the hindwing in addition two pupils 
mindorana. between the raclials and the upper median and an accessory subanal eye-spot. — mindorana Fruhst. differs, 
especially from the figured palawana (91 e), in having the median band on the underside of the hindwing more 
venostes. sharply elbowed distally and a decided greenish admixture; Mindoro. — venostes subsp. nov. came from Bohol. 
The upper surface is of an olive-brown tone, instead of yellow-brown as in palawana, and without intermediate 
transitions; the under surface, as well as the whole scheme of markings, as in tagala from Luzon. Ground-colour 
mataurus. of the $ on both surfaces lighter than in the <$. — mataurus subsp. nov. is the most striking of the branch- 
races; it came from the Guimaras, to the south-east of the large island of Panay, where another sharply defined 
race, C. ita teatus Fruhst., was discovered, and which more than any other of the Philippines would repay further 
entomological exploration. Upper surface of the hindwing brilliant reddish yellow-brown, thus analogous to 
ita teatus. All the eye-spots with light red-brown bordering. The anal ocellus of the hindwing very small. Type 
semirasa. as well as that of the preceding branch-race in coll. Semper at the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfort. — semirasa 
Fruhst. <$• Basal half of both wings lighter brown; distal part more broadly black than in tagala from Luzon 
and Palawan. Basally even lighter than Semper’s fig. 3 of bisaya from Luzon, with very light submarginal 
lines on the hindwing. Under surface: darker than Mindoro and Palawan examples, almost black-brown, with 
strongly undulate, broad dark brown bordering to the grey postmeclian band. Antemarginal part of both wings 
lighter grey than in palawana and mindorana. February and March from Bazilan, discovered by Doherty. 
On Mindanao, judging from the material in the Semper collection, two forms occur, a lighter and a darker, 
-palawana. which differ essentially from those of other islands. — palawana Fruhst. (91 e), collected by Doherty in January 
on Palawan, is the subspecies which is brought to Europe in the greatest numbers. Upper surface darker than 
in semirasa Fruhst., more reddish than yellowish brown. Under surface: distal part strongly darkened, $ with 
blackish violet instead of white, $ with light red-brown instead of black-brown median bands. Ocelli above 
hernica. and beneath much smaller. — Finally, hernica subsp. nov. inhabits the Sulu Archipelago. Type in coll. Semper, 
coming from Jolo, larger than the preceding, the general coloration paler and particularly beneath decorated 
with larger ocelli than in the race palawana. 
M. bisaya Semper only knew from the Babuyanes, to the north of Luzon, and from Luzon itself, and 
only in the appendix to his work he recorded it also from Polillo, a satellite-island to the east of Luzon. According 
bisaya. to Semper bisaya Fldr. is most easily distinguished from tagala and its varieties by the eye-spots being placed 
somewhat further from the distal margin and by the more undulate distal-marginal lines, especially on the 
under surface. The number of the ocelli varies beneath on the forewing from 2 to 5, on the hindwing from 6 to 7. 
The figure of samina (91 c) shows the difference in colouring. Flies in May to July and again in November 
samina. and December. — samina Fruhst. (91 c). In both sexes larger than bisaya, ocelli and submarginal bands more 
prominent; scent-pencil grey-brown instead of reddish. Ground-colour of the upper surface lighter brown. 
Under surface: all the ocelli larger, distal part of the wings lighter, antemarginal bands almost white-grey. Min¬ 
doro (coll. Fruhstorfer). 
M. mnasicles is somewhat removed from its Macromalayan relatives by its long wings, its larger size, 
etc., so that Moore separated it from the rest of the species of our present genus which at that time stood under 
the name Mycalesis and constituted it the type of the ,,genus“ Culapa, which name happens to be some months 
older than the very closely allied specific group ,,FLenotesia Btlr.,“ which embraces the African species of Myca- 
mnasicles. lesids with hairy eyes. Two local races: mnasicles Hew., described from Sumatra, where it is the largest species 
of the genus and only occurs on high ground and on the spurs of the mountains. It is found in the forests, 
