344 
MYCALESIS. By H. Frtjhstorfer. 
sometimes also on the 3rd segment a small black dot; head and anus run out into two short, obtuse, light- 
coloured points. After the last moult the larva becomes smoky-yellow; the black head shows some dark yellow 
spots; the points at the head and anus have become shorter; blackish discal and lateral stripes and above 
each pair of legs a black lateral spot; body finely ribbed and haired. In general the colouring of the larva 
resembles very dead, dry blades of grass or their yellowish sheaths. The insects rest by day low down in the 
grass on dead sheaths and stalks, never on green leaves, and only come up at night to feed. As soon as the larvae 
cease to feed they change colour and become grass-green, perhaps because for pupation they are always sus¬ 
pended on the underside of fresh, green leaves, and the pupa is likewise grass-green. Length of the full-grown 
larva 30—32 mm; pupal stage 9—10 days; the butterfly emerges between 9 and 10 o’clock in the morning 
subiasciata. (Martin). As subfasciata Moore a form has been described which bears a pale yellow-brown distal border to 
both wings and presents an extreme dry-season facies, mineus occurs in the whole of India with the exception 
of the south, where it has developed a local form as polydecta \ further in Tonkin, Siam, Annam, where I observed 
it up to elevations of about 1000 m. The dry-season form is there very common from January to the end of 
April and occurs in all gradations, from examples which still bear small ocelli to those with unicolorous brown 
under surface entirely without eye-spots. From August to October occur intermediate forms with broad 
yellow or yellowish longitudinal band on the underside. The tone of colour varies from sancl-grey, like that of 
polydecta. the figured neovisala, to red-brown. Very common also are $$ with rather strong violet gloss. -— polydecta Cr. 
(92 a) is somewhat smaller, darker, the under surface more brightly coloured, the white median band on the 
underside sometimes with violet bordering and all the ocelli in spite of the small size of the examples consi- 
justina. derably larger than in North Indian specimens. On such examples is based the name justina Cr., which describes 
the rainy-season form, whilst polydecta designates the dry-season form, which again differs from that of North 
India in having the under surface of both wings more richly suffused with purple. Common on the Malabar 
nicobarica. Coast, occurring in the Nilgiris northwards to the Bombay district and also inhabiting Ceylon. — rsicobarica 
Moore is a darkened satellite-island race unknown to me in nature, in which the median band on the under 
surface is predominantly brownish white. It is very probable that this race also approaches the forms from 
Sumatra, Singapore, Java and Kangean. The specimens received by me from Singapore and Sumatra deserve, 
macroma- like perseus cepheus Btlr., to be separated, and I propose the name macromalayana snbsp. nov. Habitus smaller 
lay ana. than in continental specimens, the under surface of the with grey-violet instead of white longitudinal 
bands and the ocelli of the hindwing margined with violet instead of white lines and their yellowish bordering 
darker and neater. — Confucius Leech (vol. 1, p. 81, pi. 29 a) is a very small northern (Palearctic) race, probably 
from high altitudes in West and Central China, the type is founded upon the dry-season generation with uniform 
zonata. sand-coloured under surface. — zonata Mats, is the Formosa race, but I have before me almost exactly the 
same form also from Hainan, and it must probably be merged with the name-type, which comes from China. 
justinella. —justinella Btlr., on the other hand, is a well differentiated island race, which I have before me only fromBazilan 
and Mindanao, but which inhabits the whole Philippine Archipelago in different gradations. Hindwing narrower, 
more undulate than in Asiatic examples, under surface of the hindwing with the anal area more finely marbled 
with grey-white, median band very broad, distally frayed; distal area of the hindwing in the $ almost pure 
white. Semper figures from Luzon two examples of a rainy-season form, of which one (fig. 12) approaches the 
North Indian race, but fig. 11 apparently belongs to the Celeban nevayana Fruhst. (93 b). On the other hand it 
is not impossible that both figures belong to a subspecies of horsfieldi Moore, which neither Semper nor Statj- 
dinger knew, and which I have from Palawan. In any case the Philippine forms of the perseus-mineus group 
still need revision. 
On the small Sunda Islands occurs a well differentiated species, which there replaces mineus L., namely 
M. wayewa. This possesses a larger scent-area on the underside of the forewing, which, however, is filled up 
with a scarcely noticeable bunch of grey scales; in addition the scent-pencils of the hindwing are longer and lighter 
delicata. yellow than in mineus L. ivayewa breaks up into four local races, of which we figure the most westerly, delicata 
Fruhst. (91 f). This bears a certain resemblance to justinella in the finely marbled surface of the hindwing, but 
the ground-colour is more cocoa-brown with purple gloss and in the $ there are above two or three anal ocelli 
with bright yellow margins on the hindwing. Two well marked seasonal forms, that of the wet season (91 f), 
with the distal part of the hindwing predominantly yellowish, yellow median band and relatively large white- 
pupil led eye-spots. The examples of the dry season bear a whitish violet longitudinal band, which separates 
a uniform grey distal area from the reddish brown basal half of the hindwing. Not rare on Lombok, flying 
merops. at elevations of from 600—1200 m in April to July. — merops Sm., described from Sumbawa and Adonara, 
ivayewa. is somewhat more sparsely scaled with yellowish and 'bears smaller ocelli on the hindwing. — wayewa Doll., 
the name-type from Sumba, shows a whitish anal area on the upperside of the hindwing. Under surface dark 
brown, slightly tinged with reddish. The distal part predominantly whitish. According to its discoverer only 
undulata. in the higher and more humid regions of Sumba. — undulata Snell, was described from a $, in which two grey- 
brown, strongly undulate antemarginal lines are conspicuous. Flores. 
minois. M. minois Hew. (91 cl) is an interesting species, which finds an analogy in Ypthima aphnicus Godt• 
