MYCALESIS. By H. Fruhstorfer. 
347 
very small but distinctly white-pupilled apical ocellus. Both wings traversed by a whitish band. South India 
up to 4000 ft. Also from Trichinopolis in my collection. 
M. adolphei Guer. (= onata Heiv.) (92 b). This species seems to be very rare and closely approaches adolphei. 
the preceding in its scent-apparatus. South India, Nilgiri Hills, where the specimens which are here figured 
were collected by Prof. Seitz in March. According to Moore the species ascends from 5—6000 ft. on wooded 
slopes and has only two broods with rainy-season character, which occur from May to August. 
M. mamerta is an exclusively continental species, distributed from South China to Assam and Sikkim 
in the north and the Anaimalai Hills in the south of India." In Tonkin it was the commonest Culapa next to 
mineus. Compared with the well-known malsara from Anterior India the following characters distinguish 
the niamerta Cr. of China and Tonkin (92 c as tonkiniana), of which before my expedition only the form of mamerta. 
the rainless period was known, Cramer’s figure of which is not very satisfactory. Upper surface of both ^exes: 
lighter brown, median band of the forewing narrower. The bordering of the row of ocelli lighter and more pro¬ 
minent blue-grey. The ocelli ringed with lighter reddish. Antemarginal lines proximally much more broadly 
bordered with yellowish. On the forewing only three instead of four ocelli, which proved constant in 10 examples. 
On the hindwing the small third ocellus between the lower radial and the upper median is mostly obsolete. The 
dry-season form is much smaller than the corresponding f. rudis Moore, beneath much lighter and the median 
band, which clistally occasionally assumes an orange-coloured tone, is sometimes a mere thread. Hindwing 
in the dry form sometimes only slightly undulate. I found mamerta commonly at wet places beside the road 
where the butterflies with-their grey under surface were very well concealed in their surroundings among fallen 
dry leaves. When disturbed they at first move forwards running or hopping, cprickly returning again to then- 
old places, as they seem unwilling to fly, and always only do so near the ground. The form with eye-spots (mau- mausonin. 
sonia Fruhst.) differs from the one without ( mamerta Cr.) in addition to the presence of distinct ocelli also by 
having a broad white, instead of yellowish, median band on both wings, mamerta was also reported from Hainan 
by Crowley. Tonkin, Than-Moi and Chiem-Hoa at about 1000 ft. from June to September, rainy-season 
form. Mauson Mountains, 2000—3000 ft., April to May, dry-season form. — annamitica Fruhst. Both sexes annamitica. 
somewhat larger than in mausonia. Forewing, but especially the hindwing, strongly undulate, with distinct, 
white-edged excision. Median band of the under surface scarcely showing through, but the blackish ocelli very 
distinct, smaller than in mausonia, but more broadly ringed with lighter yellow. Patch of scent-scales on the 
upperside of the hindwing almost twice as large as in mausonia, covered with deep black instead of grey scales. 
The black centre of the scent-area on the forewing beneath broader than in mausonia $. Under surface: the me¬ 
dian band broader than in mausonia, brighter yellow and standing out more distinctly. The whole of the sub¬ 
marginal area more copiously and finely marbled with light grey; on both wings complete, but only slightly 
indicated rows of small ocelli are noticeable, as well as a black submarginal zigzag line. The fringes alternately 
black and white. By far the most interesting character of the new form, however, consists in the nature of the 
secondary sexual characters. The patch of scent-scales on the hindwing above is nearly twice as large as in 
mausonia and covered with deep black instead of grey scales. The black centre of the scent-area of the forewing 
beneath likewise broader than in mausonia. Now as annamitica must be regarded as the product of an extreme 
dry season, it is seen by comparing it with mausonia, which inhabits a moister region, that long dry periods 
are favourable to the development of the scent-scales, producing a notable accumulation and multiplication 
of these, accompanied by a progressive development of the areas containing them. South Annam, February 
1910, collected on the road from Xom-Gom to the plateau of Lang-Bian at about 2000 ft. This pronounced 
new local form, which on account of its wing-contour and the extension of the patches of scent-scales may al¬ 
most be regarded as a species, I met with near the source of the Donnai, a river which rises on the plateau of 
Dran and joins the sea at Saigon. — malsara Moore differs from mamerta above in the broader whitish median malsant. 
band of the forewing and beneath in the darker general colouring, as well as the stronger longitudinal band, 
rudis Moore is the form without eye-spots, which, however, does not differ so considerably from the rainy-season rudis. 
form as mamerta from mausonia, as the longitudinal band is scarcely narrowed and only slightly coloured 
with yellowish, while the ground-colour remains dark and is tinged with purple in places. So far as is 
known, malsara never ascends above 1000m., but belongs rather to the hot Terai, where it is sometimes found 
at wet places on the road. It flies from March to November. Whether the specimens recorded from Burma 
belong to mamerta or to malsara, I cannot decide for want of material from that country for comparison. — lep- lepcha. 
cha Moore (vol. I, p. 82), from Nepal and the North-West Himalayas, is a race with predominantly dry-season 
character and strongly reduced white longitudinal bands. — davisoni Moore, an interesting small form with davisoni. 
very distinct white median band on both wings and smaller ocelli, ringed with deeper red. Very rare, Moore 
only knew one example, which was found at an elevation of 3—4000 ft. in the Anaimali Hills (South India). 
There are sevei’al examples from Trichinopolis in my collection. — bethami Moore, likewise known in only bctliami. 
one d 1 , is the form of the preceding without eye-spots. Locality: Central Provinces of India. 
M. nlcotia. of which two local races are known: nudgara Fruhst. (92 c), from Tenasserim, from an nudgam. 
