350 
MYCALESIS. By H. Fruhstorfer 
with two eye-spots showing through from the underside. Hindwing at the base with long yellow hair-pencil. 
Under surface as in ustulata (93 a), but red-brown instead of blackish and with very broad violet median band 
traversing both wings. Forewing with two black, white-pupilled ocelli ringed with yellow-brown, hindwing 
with seven eye-spots, of which the first and fifth are the largest. Locality: Brunei in North Borneo and Tand- 
jong in the south-east of the island. The South-East Borneo race is smaller than that from the sultanate Brunei, 
darker, beneath with less violet, but above with a slight violet or purple sheen. 
M. fuscum is a purely Macromalayan species and inhabits the hot lowlands, scarcely ascending to the 
fu scum, spurs of the mountains, but usually keeping near the rivers. The name-typical form fuscum Flclr. came from 
the Malay Peninsula, but the same form also occurs on Sumatra, and is likewise reported from Banka. The 
d'd' are dark brown with a reddish tinge on the upper surface, whilst the under surface, especially that of the 
hindwing, is yellow-red. The larger and lighter $$ bear on the upperside of the hindwing 6 ocelli in a yellow 
band. In West Sumatra together with $9 °f the fuscum form, which Distant figures (Rhop. Malay., pi. 5, 
fig. 1), others also occur in which the ocelli on the upperside of the hindwing.are surrounded, especially distally, 
macularia. by a broad red-brown border ($-f. macularia Fruhst.). — diniche Hew. inhabits Java. Here the species is smaller 
diniche, than typical examples from the Malay Peninsula and on the underside-of the forewing darker, on that of the 
hindwing much lighter. The hindwing in particular shows at both sides of the ocelli a broader and lighter reel- 
brown bordering. Java, Palabuan, January, diniche is rare on Java and I only observed it in the woods on 
adustaia. the south coast. From East Java I have never seen the species. The $ is still unknown to me. — adustata Fruhst., 
the North Borneo form, is the furthest removed from the name-type and is noticeable in the for the red- 
brown, in the $ for the light yellowish grey tone of the wings above. The under surface is likewise lighter, espe¬ 
cially in the basal half of the wings, which is light yellow-brown instead of blackish, as in the other forms 
from the Sunda Islands. The red-brown longitudinal bands of the hindwing narrower than in fuscum Fldr. 
from Malacca, all the ocelli, especially the one in the anal angle of the forewing, very much larger. Lawas, Rorth 
musculus. Borneo. — musculus Fruhst. (92 d), the Nias form of fuscum, approximates (as has already been repeatedly 
noticed in. other species) more to the Javan race than to that from Sumatra. It is somewhat smaller even than 
diniche Hew. from Java, the upper surface lighter grey-black, particularly in the £. The under surface of the 
(J recalls diniche , but is still somewhat lighter and more uniform red-brown. The red-brown bordering to the 
ocelli of the hindwing is considerably narrower, hence the light yellow-grey rings which surround the ocelli are 
widened, especially in the $. musculus is further characterized by having all the ocelli larger than in Sumatran 
and Javan examples. The anal ocellus on the underside of the forewing in particular is enlarged, fuscum differs 
somewhat from allied species in having the middle discocellular of the hindwing strongly curved basad. 
periscelis. M. periscelis Fruhst. (93 b). $. Under surface: basal part of both wings blackish brown-grey, distal 
part light grey with almost whitish grey submarginal bands. Forewing with four ocelli, of which the second 
is the smallest, hindwing with an unusually large apical eye-spot and five contiguous ocelli of which those placed 
between the medians are again very large. All the ocelli black with white pupils and yellow bordering, which 
discally is further ringed with brown. The whole of the eye-spots stand on a broad, grey-violet band. Hind¬ 
wing further with a dark brown median band, strongly elbowed at the upper median and distally produced 
into a nose, a course which otherwise is only found in Celeban species. — Formosa, Taihanroku, August, peris¬ 
celis seems to be a species standing quite alone, for we know no allies from the adjoining countries; but it is 
possible that we are dealing with a Philippine element, and that its relatives should rather be looked for in that 
direction. The <$ is still unknown and until that is discovered it cannot be settled whether periscelis belongs 
near fuscum. or in another group of species. 
nerida. M. nerida 8m . This species is rather isolated, in colouring and shape it somewhat resembles oroatis Hew. 
from Java and IcinaStgr. from North Borneo; Grose-Smith not inaptly compares it also with tagala Fldr. In the 
sexual characters, however, nerida differs from all the above species and least of all does it belong in the remu.Ua 
group, as Grose-Smith supposes, for the bordering of black scales at the lower part of the scent-area of the 
hindwing is absent, while in remulia Gr., asophis Hew. and other forms of the remulia group it is strongly de¬ 
veloped. From the tagala series nerida differs in the brown central androconial spot at the submarginal of the 
forewing beneath, which it has in common with the bazochi group. The organs of the hindwing are remarkably 
simple; there is only a light, glossy scent-area with a shallow, apparently scaleless depression and the basal 
elia. brown-black scent-tuft. Milne Bay, British New Guinea. — elia 8m. (92 d). In the structure of the scent-organs 
elia most nearly approaches nerida 8m., to which it has otherwise not the least resemblance morphologically. 
Friction-patch on the underside of the forewing with a strongly developed, deep black androconial patch. Scent- 
area of the hindwing large, light, with long, very deep hollow filled up with black scales. Scent-pencil brownish, 
long and very thin. At the lower extremity of the scent-area a slight patch of scent-scales is observable. German 
and Dutch New Guinea. Upper surface of the very similar to messene Hew. (91 b), but with narrow black 
distal border and light yellow ground-colour, which particularly in the $ is very washed-out in the distal 
parts. Forewing in the with a median ocellus and in addition an apical eye-spot. Hindwing with a row 
