352 
MYCALESIS. By H. Fruhstorfer, 
shiva Bdv., and I almost suspect that lorna Sm. also belongs to it as a local form, aethiops possesses a strongly 
glossy friction-patch in the costal region of the hindwing, from which the usual scent-pencil grows out. This 
scent-pencil is in aethiops dark grey, in shiva white. The scent-cavity of aethiops has below a rather large deep 
black scale-spot, which is wanting in shiva. In the friction-area on the underside of the forewing is placed in 
aethiops a small, round, deep, glossy grey cavity, which is filled with red androconia, hr shiva a shallow, glossy 
red one without androconia. Forewing with a large, brown-ringed ocellus, hindwing with three similar isolated 
ocelli, of which the middle is the largest. Under surface of both wings uniformly blackish, with the exception 
of the narrow, dark smoke-grey antemarginal region. Ocelli of the hindwing except the two smallest between 
aethiops. the radials free, aethiops Btlr., described from Dorey, is the most amply provided with sexual characters on 
the upperside of the hindwing, as somewhat distally to the hair-pencil is placed a further distinct spot of deep 
black glossy androconia, which is wanting in shiva and is also not shown on the figure of lorna. $ above 
almost entirely black-brown, forewing with a black median ocellus, pupilled with pure white, hindwing with 
two somewhat smaller eye-spots, surrounded by a dull brown-red bordering. Under surface of both wings 
basaliy deep brown, the distal area grey, separated by a violet longitudinal band. Forewing with four small 
and one large eye-spot, hindwing with seven of about equal size. $ apparently still unknown, yet I have before 
me from Finschhafen the $ of a local race, which may nearly approach that of the true aethiops, and beneath 
shows some resemblance to exheredata (93 a). Upper surface black-brown, all the ocelli with dull brown bordering, 
lornides. forewing with a very distinct apical eye-spot, hindwing with five ocelli. — lornides Fruhst. Lighter brown, 
ocelli of the forewing ringed with yellowish instead of brown. Hindwing with five distinct ocelli, their yelloiv 
bordering confluent. Under surface: basal half of both wings distinctly separated from the white-grey distal 
part by a red-brown band; this light distal area is traversed by two widely separated submarginal lines. All 
the ocelli ringed with yellow instead of brown, their borders likewise touching. Island of Mefor. 
lorna. M. lorna Sm., described from examples from the following localities: Korrido (type), Jobi and Humboldt 
Bay, may prove to be a mixed species, but doubtless includes various local forms, as the Mycalesis belonging 
here become modified at quite short distances. Thus the race from Mefor is essentially differentiated and the 
copiosa. same applies to the following local form. — copiosa Fruhst. (92 e). Distinguished from lorna by the amount 
of the white distal colouring on the upper and under surface of the forewing and the still separated ocelli of the 
hindwing. German. New Guinea. According to Ribbe and Pagenstecher a species allied to lorna or aethiops 
occurs on New Pomerania and New Lauenburg. 
M. shiva. apart from secondary sexual differences, is easy to separate from aethiops by the red-yellow 
shiva. or tawny colouring of the upper surface. — shiva Bdv., the name-type, came like aethiops Btlr. from Dorey. 
Ocelli as in aethiops , but larger, only the one placed between the lower radial and the upper median always 
smaller than in aethiops , ocelli of the hindwing not so uniform, but the apical and anal ones essentially larger 
australis, than the others, general colouring of both wings beneath lighter than in aethiops. — australis Oherth. Ground- 
colour light grey, the ocelli on the under surface of the wings almost uniform in size. South New Guinea, German 
rjopaka. New Giuiiea. — gopaka Fruhst. (92 e), from Waigeu (type) and Aru. Ground-colour of the upperside lighter 
brown, especially in the distal part of both wings and the anal area of the hindwing. Submarginal band of the 
hindwing lighter yellow-grey. Distal half of the forewing beneath grey-yellow instead of violet. $: considerably 
smaller than $$ from New Guinea, the ocellus on the forewing, however, much larger. Under surface: distal 
part of both wings whitish violet instead of brown-grey, anal ocellus of the forewing and subanal of the hind- 
wing considerably larger, the other eye-spots of the hindwing much smaller than in §§ of shiva from New Guinea 
and on Grose-Smith’s figure. According to Ribbe there is also a .species or race allied to shiva in the Bismarck 
Archipelago (New Lauenburg). 
maura. M. niaura Sm., from New Pomerania, which I have not seen, probably belongs to the shiva-aethiops 
group. Both wings resemble aethiops, but the bordering of the ocelli is lighter red-brown and the foreground 
distinct. Hindwing with four ocelli on the disc, all characters which indicate that it belongs rather to shiva 
than aethiops, although Smith compares it exclusively with the latter. 
b) With scent-spot in the disc of the hindwing above (= Suralaya Moore). 
The single, very distinct species which belongs here, M. orseis, inhabits Macromalayana with the excep¬ 
tion of Java. A true forest butterfly, and an inhabitant of the plains, scarcely ascending on to the spurs of the 
mountains, orseis with its branches closely approaches the visala-perseus group. The are distinguished 
by a relatively large submarginal scent-spot of specialised black scales between the medians of the hindwing, 
such as occurs in no other Asiatic species. The androconial cavity on the underside of the forewing recalls visala 
Moore in size and is filled in fresh specimens with deep black scales, which in worn examples change into 
brownish. The cavity on the upperside of the hindwing is surrounded with red-brown hairs, above it 
is placed a very long, deep black hair-pencil, orseis is together with the recently discovered taxilides 
Fruhst. t he only Culapa with blue gloss on the upper surface of the wings in the <$, which, however, 
seems to be only retained by fresh examples. Specimens which have been hi collections for 15 or 20 years lose it. 
