354 
MYCALESIS. By H. Frtjhstorfer. 
anaxioides. 
francisca. 
pencillata. 
magna. 
perdiccas. 
vercella. 
formosana. 
ulia. 
gomia. 
mystes. 
gomea. 
sanatoria. 
sudra. 
of is straighter than in nearly reaches the yellow bordered eyespot which is as pronounced as in radza. 
Both wings show white-gray antemarginal lines very distinctly. Un. s.: apex yellowish gray instead of white. 
The gray submarginal band within the anal angle of h. w. is curved more strongly upwards. The band itself 
is narrower, eyespots smaller than in anaxias. 
M. anaxioides Marsh, is a third species of the group, also bigger than anaxias with more rounded wings, 
subapical band of $ f. w. curved inward and broadening as it runs backward as in radza, with better marked 
median eyespot of f. w. Tenasserim, apparently rare. I have only the <$ of an intermediate such as is described 
also by Moore. The anaxias groups are wanting in Sumatra and Borneo but occur occasionally in Java in 
the form sudra Fldr. further mention of which will be made below as a relict of a past connection between 
Java and Tenasserim. 
M. francisca is a butterfly of many forms, spreading from Japan to Annam and westward to Sikkim, 
appearing side by side with gotama Moore which it resembles, but from which it is easily distinguished in the 
by the big black hair pencil up. s. f. w. •— francisca Cr. the first described form comes from South-China and 
is a dry season form. It is figured with slightly violet-shot brown-gray un. s. of both wings. — pencillata 
Pouf. is presumably simply the eyespotted form and magna Leech an intermediate form which according to 
its author is restricted to West China. — perdiccas Hew. with particularly large eyespots is presumably from the 
main island of Japan. Japanese perdiccas present season and local varieties. The material I have before me, 
collected in late autumn does not suffice to enable me to form any judgement about the butterfly and the odd 
specimens I have from Japan are unprovided with dates and localities. A traveller starting off from Yesso and 
winding up at Okinawa should be able to collect a long series of geographical forms. We will only mention 
here vercella subsp. nov. whose un. s. corresponds to the fig. b. PI. 29 Vol. I and to Leech’s magna. vercella dif¬ 
fers from Hewitson’s insect, the eyespots of F. W. being considerably smaller, the gray-violet of the receding 
longitudinal bands of h. w. having a more washed out appearance and the median eyespot of h. w. is miniscule. 
—- formosana Fruhst. horishana and coronensis Mats) is a dark island race, generally scarcely bigger than 
mara (92 c) and consequently smaller than magna and francisca from China and with smaller eyespots on un. s. 
than any of its allies. The dry season form (= hirtia Fruhst.) lias a broader violet-white band on un. s. 
Seemingly common in Formosa and from Taiwan on the coast (dry season form from Feb.) to the mountainous 
interior (wet season form July—August). -— ulia Fruhst. from Tonkin is a passage from magna China to sana- 
tana Assam and Sikkim. The wing is quite as round as in Chinese specimens and the paler un. w. has nearly 
the tint of the Japanese specimens. The eyespots, especially the apical eyespot un. s. h. w., are bigger and 
their rings a paler yellow and broader than in any others of the francisca group. Tonkin, Than-Moi, June— 
July, rainy season form. — gomia Fruhst. (92 c). $ with an expansion of 29 mm, bigger than ulia (25 mm). 
H. w. of an uncommonly long rounded sack form, not pointed as in Tenasserim $$ or round like the ulia 9. 
F. w. with only one eyespot which is much smaller than in any of the francisca race. Ground colour uniform 
light brown as in the Tenasserim form. Un. s.: The light brown submarginal region in contrast with the dark 
green-brown basal half of wing, the white median band equally broad and sharp as in mystes de Nicev. ; gomea 
has also generally a jagged black submarginal line, its un. s. too reminds one greatly of mystes as I have it 
from Siam and as Niceville lias described it. gomia is however easily distinguished from mystes by the exi¬ 
stence of a brown red diagonal line across the un. s. f. w. running from the costal margin through the cell to 
the anal margin. In mystes the median band starting from rather below the costal margin runs in a straight line 
while in gomia it begins at the extreme edge of costal margin and is curved toward the proximal region. The 
median band of gomia does not run upwards as it does in mystes and the eyespot of f. w. is considerably smaller. 
— sanatana Moore is a very common subspecies in Bhutan, Sikkim and Assam, less frequently found further 
west in the Kurnaon Himalaya and Kulu. — sanatana is met with in the woods from 1 to 6000 feet altitude 
and the dry season form (the first known) is taken from Feb. and the eyed form gopa Fldr. from June on¬ 
wards. Intermediate forms are taken when the year begins with heavy rains. — sanatana is a darker brown 
with a dash more of green than gomia and gopa and resembles more closely the Formosa race but is somewhat 
smaller and has a narrower median band on un. s. 
M. sudra Fldr. differs from nala (93 b) through the failure of the subapical androconia, the rounder 
cut of the wing, the prominent and somewhat smaller eyespots ringed with brownish yellow, the appearance 
of an anal eyespot in the <$. The wing form of sudra is much like that of ocidatus Marsh from South-India, 
but as shown by the “tuft” on the submarginal part of up. of f. w. evidently does not belong to the same group. 
Un. s.: f. w. in $ and ^ with only two eyespots, while nala possesses six of which several however are mere 
