MELANITIS. By H. Frtjhstorfer. 
365 
while $ has a more intense red-brown than abdullae $ and sumati East and West Java up to about 
2500 ft. fairly common and always in company with ismene. Most frequently met with in months of Decem¬ 
ber to March. The species appears to be wanting in Micromalaya and Borneo. On the contrary it is found 
in two well separated forms here and there in North Celebes: — linga Fruhst. a small form from the plains: Ihuja. 
apex more salient, tails of h. w. longer and un. s. of a lighter gray than in Maeromalayan allies. with 
smaller white subapical spot f. w. In Minahassa however there is a form with larger wings and more con¬ 
spicuous apical spot f. w. $ un. s. lighter and more gray yellow than phedima and abdullae up. s. with 
bigger, blacker, more conspicuous eyespot f. w. (niyaga form, nov.), type in Statjdinger’s collection. — polishana niyaya. 
Fruhst. (96 b, c). Of smaller size, un. s. darker, all white points reduced as in the other phedima races from P 0,ls,iaiia 
E. and S. Asia, but particularly in the Chinese local forms. Formosa; Polisha, July <$. Kagi, August 
There are two forms of $ in the Frtjhstorfer collection: one relatively small with indistinct subanal spots 
h. w. up. s. and un. s. with barely noticeable eyespots. The second form is adorned up. s. with well marked 
ocelli and bears un. s. a complete row of fine white pupilled eyespots (Chip-Chip, July, August). — nuwara nuwara. 
subsp. nov. is the name of an insect that Semper has erroneously referred to ismene Cr. and which figures 
in his work on the Philippines PI. 9 fig. 12 nuwara is however much closer to polishana than to any mem¬ 
ber of the leda group. Un. s. like linga from Celebes, f. w. with apical part powdered with gray and two 
rather large white subapical spots. H. w. with complete row of six submarginals points, standing well apart 
from one another as in polishana. Mindoro, flies in December. 
In M. atrax we have a species belonging to the phedima group and exclusively found in the archi¬ 
pelago of the Philippines, about which it is scattered in various forms. -— atrax Fldr. (96 a) wing rather narro- atrax. 
wer than in phedima, up. s. rather brown than black with a distinct purple shimmer. F. w. with a gray- 
blue band rather narrower in the fore part, this is broader in the $ and rather of a fallow colour, and is 
more or less variable in colour and breadth in the Islands. Un. s. not easy to distinguish from phedima 
abdullae, but with a somewhat livelier gray-violet tint distally from the brown median band. $ up. s. of a 
light coffee-brown, un. s. a predominant yellow-red dusted with violet and on the f. w. an almost extinct 
white band. April to June in Luzon, Polilo and Burias. — erichsonia Fldr. is an extremely variable sub- erichsonia. 
species' of which three season forms are known: 1) The typical butterfly is of the rainless period, it has 
broader wings than atrax, $ with but a remnant of a yellow gray subapical band f. w.; 2) violetta Fruhst., violetta. 
an intermediate form with more violet and washed out diagonal bands, and 3) pseudaswa Fruhst. an extreme pseudaswa. 
dry weather form, A with a mere trace of a dark brown band f. w., and this, though certainly narrower 
in $ than in atrax $ is bordered by a delicate red periphery. Mindoro, from Dezember to February. — 
cajetana Semp. very like the last mentioned but the $ has a white diagonal band f. w. Type from Samar cajetana. 
but Semper says it is also found on the Camotes Isles, Bohol and Cebu. Appears from May to October and 
again from December to February. — lucillus Fruhst. (96 a) the $ has as a rule a still broader whitish yel- lucillus. 
low band f. w. than in our figure, the h. w. has a rather extended but sharply set off red brown terminal 
border, the apical region of un. s. f. w. is mainly white. H. w. with white instead of violet border to pale 
red brown median band. Type taken by Dr. Platen at Mindanao. According to Semper also in Camiguin 
de Mindanao. — bazilana Fruhst. differs from lucillus in its narrowed vertical band f. w. of §, the brown bazilana. 
gray is powdered over and often encloses a significant small black white pupilled eyespot. Apical part of 
f. w. un. s. yellowish instead of white as in lucillus, h. w. tinted in median region cither with purple or 
gray-violet instead of white. Bazilan Island, February and March discovered by Doherty. — clya siibsp. clya. 
nov. is a small island race, the a dull black, darker then than its Philippine allies, un. s. even more fallow 
coloured than lucillus from Mindanao. Jolo Islands. Type in the Statjdinger collection. — pitya subsp. nov. pitya. 
is the form found the furthest south; U P- s - with a violet gloss, the $$ bigger and paler than those 
from Jolo. Sangir; Type in the Statjdinger collection at the Berlin Museum. 
M. velutina, another very special species of the phedima group, and by far the most remarkable, as 
indeed might be expected from a butterfly coming from the Celebes-Molukka region, velutina Fldr. (96 b, c), velutina. 
differentiated from phedima by its superior size and its far reaching sexual heteromorphism, to which there is 
hardly anything corresponding in this genus, is separated un. s. from all allied species by its being largely pow¬ 
dered with white and by its well disseminated, clean white submarginal points on both wings. $ un. s. ground 
colour black which becomes brown distally, $ un. s. yellowish with broad, reddish brown bands and fine gray- 
white marbling. North Celebes, $ taken by me on the wood covered coasts of Toli Toli. — ribbei Rob. described ribbei. 
from Tombugo, East Celebes, likewise collected by me in the south of the island at Lompa Battan ca. 3000 ft 
up and noted by its author at Bangkai. ribbei is not very well differentiated from velutina by somewhat bigger 
