MELANITIS. By H. Fruhstoefer. 3(i7 
(95 4). 8 bigger, up. s. lighter brown-gray, un. s. more uniform and paler gray-brown than the Javanese. 
The yellow transversal band f. w. is narrower, more broadly shaded with brown on the inside, going over distally 
to the dark ground colour. Sumbawa. — xanthophthalnius Stgr. up. s. like niasicus (95 d) but of dull gray- xanthoph- 
black colour without a sign of the red-brown tint that characterizes the Macromalayan sister races in general, thalmus. 
The subapical spot larger, yellowish. Un. s. yellowish without the purple gloss of the other zitenius variations. 
Very rare. Taken by Doherty in January, only a couple of specimens in the Staudinger and Fruhstoefer 
collections. 
M. belinda, a species which is very near to zitenius un. s., but the splendid colouring of up. s. reminds 
one rather of species from the Molukkas or of boisduvalia from the Philippines. It is however easily distinguised 
from any other species by its nearly vertical submarginal band f. w. and it is the only Melanitis with homo- 
morpheus sexes. Also differentiated from zitenius by a shorter valve bent downward distally instead of a long 
one curved upward. Uncus likewise shorter, much thicker in the middle. Valve longer but less thickly bristled. 
Only in the Micromalayan district and there too only on a few islands of the Sumbawa group. -— cruentula cruentula. 
Fruhst. (95 c), un. s. extremely variable, yellow, running through the whole scale of shades, predominating. 
The commonest is a form that is marbled with reddish brown and has a broad, dark velvet-brown longitudinal 
band. With it appears a $ with a more red-brown ground colour and washed out band. The type is based on 
a dry season specimen and bears on h. w. un. s. small, black eyespots with yellowish pupils and scarcely per¬ 
ceptible gray-yellow rings. The rainy season (vada form, nov.) exhibita a deceptive hue like a dry gray leaf, vadu. 
and narrow dull brown dissimilar median bands, which however, like leda are provided with distinct ocelli, 
rather oval than round, surrounded by a beautiful yellow colour. Collected by me at Lombok from April to 
June, not rising higher than 2200 ft. and occurring in village orchards. The sap of the sugar palm seems to 
tempt it and I took several specimens on fallen fruit. — belinda 8m. is easily separated from cruentula by its belinda. 
more intense yellow, narrower vertical bands f. w., which have smaller black ocelli and reduced white points. 
Un. s. predominant gray with hardly a touch of yellow, the longitudinal bands in the eyeless form too are less 
prominent than in cruentula. A pair of a decidedly dry season brood is un. s. of a rather monotonous purple- 
brown with lighter parts of a whitish violet. One $ of a quite washed out sandgray colour like the $ of zitenius 
ambasara from E. Java. In my collection from Alor, April. The type comes from Andonara, east of Sum- 
bawa and Doherty has found the species in Sumba and Sumbawa, but confounded them with constantia Cr ., 
giving them this name in his famous work on the Fauna of the islands. 
M. boisduvalia replaces zitenius in the Philippines, where it is spread from Luzon to Sangir and does 
not count among the commoners of the butterfly world, Semper only saw 15 specimens and Doherty sent 
me only one among 2000 butterflies from the island of Palawan. The sexes are nearly monomorphous, $ being 
only larger, more fallow coloured and with broader, lighter bands f. w. The colour of un. s. reminds one very 
much of zitenius zenon from Sumbawa. Gray, with yellowish apical region of f. w. and costal border of h. w. 
is the d 1 , while the $ is red brown with whitish yellow submarginal zone. — boisduvalia Fldr. from Luzon is boisduvalia. 
not in my possession; carafes subsp. nov. inhabits Mindoro and is very like the palawanica that we figure but has curates. 
narrower yellow transversal bands on up. s. of f. w. which is indeed a darker red brown. 9 like the $ of the 
Mindanao form but of a livelier red-brown. Un. s. of both wings have richer colours with more intense 
black marbling. Type in the Staudinger collection. — pompeja subsp. nov. shows in the middle of the band pompeja. 
f. w., beyond the cell, a considerable narrowing, the band itself is entirely of a powdered brown, the $ on the 
other hand bears a very broad pale yellow subapical band with fine red-brown periphery, which, as too in the 
$ has but rarely a diminutive black, blind eyespot and above this a second white or yellow one. Un. s. of both 
wings with narrow red-brown bands. Submarginal ocelli reduced to small white cuneiform spots. February 
March on the island of Bazilan. — palawanica Fruhst. (95 c). Rounder wings, ground colour up. s. darker red- palawanica. 
brown, the yellowish submarginal band of f. w. of more uniform breadth, not tapering off so noticeably as in 
pompeja. The black eyespot of f. w. band is wanting. According to Staudinger the f. w. bands are sometimes 
a smoke-gray. January, very rare, collected in Palawan by Doherty. — ernita subsp. nov. differs from the crnita. 
preceding through the pale yellow un. s. of both its wings and up. s. through a strikingly broad and pale yellow¬ 
ish subapical band; apex of f. w. of $ far more salient than in pompeja, the tails of h. w. longer. Semper 
knew boisduvalia also from Cebu, Bohol and Camiguin de Mindanao, these must have been geographical forms 
differing from carales and pompeja which have since then escaped observation. 
M. pyrrha. a remarkable and very confined species, only known from N. Molukka and the Celebes. 
They should however be also found on the Sula Islands for without crossing these could not have passed from 
Celebes to Batjan or vice versa. The probability is that they migrated from the Celebes for they occur there 
evrywhere in the lowland and are also known at Bangkai. The un. s. rather resemble ziieius grisescens from 
Java, with up. s. of ismene and the distribution of eyespots of leda. The $ is the very image of velutina from 
