372 
ELYMNIAS. By H. Fruiistorfer. 
under surface of the wings of the $<$ comes nearest to panthera dusars Horsf. from Java, and differs only in being 
generally darker and in having a larger white subapical spot in the hindwings. The other ocelli of the 
hindwings are not so large as in dolorosa and lacrimosa, but rather more distinct than in dusara. Hence 
it appears, that enganica takes a middle place between the Javan and Bornean races, thus inclining more 
to the East than towards Nias and Sumatra. The 9 is lighter than the <$. In 2 examples there is a red¬ 
dish brown submarginal band on the forewings and a rudimentary greyish yellow band on the hindwings, 
whereas the panthera $ has broad light yellow bands on all the wings. The upper ocelli on the lower sur¬ 
face of the hindwings are pure white, the lower black and violet centered, while the dusara 99 have only 
one white and 5 blue centred ocelli, which are also usually smaller. The 99 certainly differ greatly from 
the Sumatran in the much narrower, darker yellow-brown submarginal band on the hindwings, but ap¬ 
proach them by the presence of a broadly extended, reddish brown gloss on the anal region of the forewings. 
It is also further noticeable, that enganica has 3 white apical ocellii on the under surface of the hindwings, whe- 
tavtra. reas in all its allies there is only one. Engano, not uncommon, flies chiefly in April. — tautra Fruhst. leads 
on to the Perak race and the name-type, from which it differs in the absence of the red gloss on the forewings 
of the and the rather darker underside of the 99- One q has uniformly black-brown forewings, a second 
has traces of a yellowish subapical band, and specimens are said to occur which have even a violet band. Pro- 
bably this species is not as scarce as would appear from the few specimens in collections; but its great re¬ 
semblance to the usually very common brown Euploea seems to protect the insect from the native collectors. 
The has only a broad, black tuft of hair above the scent patch on the upper surface of the hindwings. The 
paler and larger 99 differ very greatly in the transverse band on the forewings, which is often distinctly yel¬ 
low, sometimes even violet, but may also be entirely absent; the extent of the red colouring on the upper sur- 
panihera. face of the forewings is also variable. Both sexes have distinct ocelli on the hindwings (Martin). — pan¬ 
thera F. In the Museum at Copenhagen I saw a specimen, which was probably the type of Fabricius, as Au- 
rivillius also assumes. This specimen agrees in so far with DistanCs figure, that it has no yellow band on 
the forewings, and the hindwings are also very dull coloured. Following in the steps of Aurivillius, I also 
remove the habitat to the malayan Peninsula, especially since various species which were said by Fabri¬ 
cius to come from “Tranquebariae” have since benn shown to be from the Malaya. ( Taxila haquinus F. etc.) 
arilcata. Malay Peninsula, Perak, Singapore, Banka. — arikata Fruhst. (88 b). Submarginal band of the hindwings 
white instead of yellow, much broader, with large black ocelli; distal border of hindwings much broader black, 
lahuana. tails longer. Natuna. — labuana Stgr. Submarginal band of all wings whitish instead of yellow, prominent 
at the apex of the forewings, very narrow on the hindwings. labuana may represent the dry form of the next 
following alfredi. According to the type in Staudinger’s collection, which I recently had an opportunity of 
seeing, it might also be an alpine form. At any rate, Staudinger has gathered together a large series of 
specimens, of which the supposed type represents the most richly white marked Elymnias of the whole group. 
Both an d occur in two forms, with and without a yellowish white submarginal band on the forewings. 
defasdata. Staudinger has three alterations of colour in the 99, with a simple brown upper surface of the wings (defas- 
ciata, form nov.) then a female with a reddish gloss over the whole upper surface (pantherina Fruhst.) and lastly, 
those with a broad white-yellow subapical band on the forewing (labuana Stgr.), which also appear more 
or less glossed with violet. All are said to come from Kina Balu, but some specimens from the lower lands 
may also be among them, especially as the type is said to come from Labuan, as indeed the name denotes. 
alfredi. — alfredi Fruhst. (88 b). A large series of specimens from South Borneo differ from labuana Stgr. in the ab¬ 
sence of the white golden yellow submarginal band on the hindwings, of which only occasionally a few yello- 
pantherina. wish rudiments occur. There are two forms of the 991 9 forma pantherina Fruhst. with dull, but extensive, 
red gloss on the forewings. The pale region on the under surface of the hindwings much more reduced than 
in panthera typica, which it otherwise closely resembles. — 9 forma alfredi Fruhst. with much narrower, dar¬ 
ker yellow-brown submarginal region of the hindwings, which is also covered with brown scales The above 
described larva and pupa were discovered by Dr. L. Martin at Sintang. South-east Borneo, Pontianak, Sin- 
suluana. tang. — suluana Fruhst. Larger than the other races of panthera, with narrover, elongate produced wings, recal¬ 
ling the shape of Elym. pellucida Fruhst. Hindwings with broad white band on both sides. Sulu Archipelago. 
bamjueyana. Type in the British Museum. — bangueyana Fruhst. The whitish bands on all the wings more prominent and 
more extended than in labuana Stgr., wings more rounded than in suluana Fruhst. Under surface with only 
4 black eye-spots. Submarginal region of the hindwings yellowish, sprinkled with grey and brown. Under 
parec. surface richly white spotted. Banguey, Type in the Museum at Hamburg. - parce Stgr. The smallest of the 
island forms, with a withered appearance. ocelli in hindwing not showing through. Wings rounder than 
in alfredi, darker brown. 9 with the external region much lighter, pale greyish yellow, without any black 
distal border to the hindwings. Ocelli in both sexes more elegant and pointed than in all the other pan- 
lacrimosa. them races. Palawan. - •• lacrimosa Fruhst. (88 b, c, under the name of panthera) lacrimosa is one of the most pro¬ 
nounced island forms, and has scarcely any resemblance to dusara ; Horsf. from Java, but approaches much 
closer to enganica Doh. in the ocelli of the hindwings which show through, though much larger. .The $$ have 
a whitish grey, indistinct submarginal band on the fore wings, which in the 9 is sometimes broader and api- 
cally prominent and appears almost entirely white. All the wings are further characterized by a relatively 
