ELYMNIAS. P>y H. Frtthstorfer. 
373 
sharply defined whitish submarginal region, which is much purer, though considerably narrower than in pan- 
thera F. from Malacca. The ocelli are almost as large as in mimus and dolorosa, but more equal in size. Ba- 
wean; flies in July to September. — lacrima Fruhst. Very close to the preced ing, but rather larger; yello- lacrinui. 
wish grey submarginal band on forewings narrow, on hind wings broad. Under surface darker red-brown, 
especially on the distal border, more diffusely and finely brown-black marked. Subapical band on the forewings 
yellowish. Band on hind wings very much narrower and darker than in lacrimosa, the ocelli larger and pro- 
ximally still more richly blue bordered. Habitat unknown, probably islands near Sumatra, 1 <$.. — dusara dusara. 
Horsf. This distinct local form belongs especially to West Java, where it is found up to 2000 feet above sea 
level, but nowhere common. $$ from the Preanger Principalities agree well with HorsfieltTs figure of a $, 
which Wallace took for a <§, and has therefore redescribed the §. It thus happens that we have no exact dia¬ 
gnosis of the <$. ground colour dark brown, submarginal tract slightly paler. Scent tuft on hindwings black. 
Under surface; basally dark, distally lighter brown, irrorated with grey-white. Hindwings with small black, 
proximally white centred ocelli and a large white spot at the base of the anterior radical. - dulcibella Fruhst. dulcibella. 
(88 b). females from East Java have in the place of the pale band, violet blue, subobsolete spots, which 
sometimes become rudimentary and dull yellow downwards. I have at present only four specimens from East- 
Java, whose small size and the pale ground colour of the under surface of the wings proclaim them the product 
of a region with small rainfall. This materialis insufficient to decide, whether only this form occurs in East 
Java, in which case we have to do with a local race, dulcibella is a neat illustration of the fact that, first of 
all, aberrations occur in the species due to climatic influences, the further action of the dry and wet periods 
fixes these as seasonal forms, these next become constant and gradually assume a dominant position, accor¬ 
ding to the greater or less duration of the periods. If to this is added the influence of local inbreeding, then 
a subspecies is developed, which may become so far consolidated as to assume specific characters. Thus simple 
may be the history and course of many species. — Nothing is known of the larva of dulcibella, Dr. Piepers 
writes that the larva of dusara lives of the leaves of various palms. — balina Mart, should properly incline to- balina. 
wards dulcibella of East Java, but the $ comes closer to dusara q from West Java, only that the ground 
colour is somewhat paler, with a slight red-brown cast; the marginal band on all the wings is not ashy brown- 
grey, as in dusara, but darker, browner, while on the hind wings the band is submarginal, not marginal, be¬ 
cause there is beyond it a streak of the ground colour, whereas in dusara this is seen at most on the denta¬ 
tions. But the $ of Balina, the colour, of which justifies its elevation to the rank of a subspecies, is yet 
more remarkable. The ground colour is a ruddy brown as in the <$, but the marginal band of the fore¬ 
wing is only yellow in its upper, apical part, which is much narrower than in dusara $,■ on the terminal mar¬ 
gin it becomes a brilliant red-brown; this colour remains precisely restricted to the band, instead of sprea¬ 
ding out over the inner surface of the wing as in the $$ of panthera panthera and panthera tautra. The submarginal 
band on the hindwing is yellowish red-brown, the ocelli are placed on its external margin, on the inner side of the 
band follows the ground colour, outwardly and downwards is a stripe of red-brown including the whole scalloped 
area, somewhat less brilliant than on the forewings, whereas dusara $ has on both wings much broader, uni¬ 
form yellow-grey marginal bands. The under surface does not present any sjnecia! differences, only that both 
sexes from Bali have the characteristic costal triangle of the Elymnias much less developed than the examples 
of dusara. This new subspecies is rather smaller than dusara, but larger than dulcibella. Bali Island. 
E. dara, a very sensitive macromalayan species, for. like panthera, it splits up into two local forms 
even in Java. All the yet known varieties are scarce. — daedalion Nicev. ,the northern race, is as yet known daedalion. 
only from two specimens from Burma and Tavoy in Tenasserim. daedalion differs from the figured dara (88 b) 
chiefly in the much narrowed, whitish longitudinal band on all the wings. ■— darina Fruhst. described from darina. 
Sumatra, but probably also occurring in Perak. The A has only one yellow hair tuft. In the larger and paler 
$$ the blue of the male wings is exchanged for grey. Distinct ocelli on the hindwings in both sexes. Sumatra, 
Battak Hills, not below 2000 fet-. •— deminuta Stgr. (88 b). A charming local form, smaller, with narrower deminuta. 
bands and darker than the others. Statjdinger knew only a worn $ from East Java, the $ is not yet descri¬ 
bed. In these the otherwise characteristic white of the submarginal band disappears and is suffused with 
a rich dark violet. East Java and probably also in a closely allied race on Bali, where Doherty discovered 
it. deminuta was observed by me in East Java at about 1500 feet, in the Wast especially at Palawan, on 
the coast. They fly only on very hot sunny days in the deep woods, but remained cautiously in the shade 
and were enticed by banana skins. In West Java, under the influence of the hot, damp climate, they reach 
a stately size and assume a deeper violet tone. The whitish blue submarginal bands of the $$ become narro¬ 
wer and the under surface of the wings remains dark red-brown; these West Java specimens have been sepa¬ 
rated as bengena Fruhst. The scent brushes of both races form an extensive rosette of delicate grey-black bengena. 
hairs with pure white curled points. West Java, Palabuan, January and February. -—- dara Dist. (88 b), dara. 
